[1] |
Wojciechowski R.
Nature and nurture:the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error[J]. Clin Genet , 2011, 79(4) : 301–320.
DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01592.x |
|
[2] |
Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SM.
Myopia[J]. Lancet , 2012, 379(9827) : 1739–1748.
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60272-4 |
|
[3] |
中国学生体质与健康研究组.2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2012: 77.
The Research Group on Chinese School Student's Physical Fitness and Health.Reports on thephysical fitness and health research of Chinese school students (2010)[M].Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2012: 77.
|
|
[4] |
Chia A, Chua WH, Cheung YB, et al.
Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia:safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2)[J]. Ophthalmology , 2012, 119(2) : 347–354.
DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.031 |
|
[5] |
Lougheed T.
Myopia:the evidence for environmental factors[J]. Environ Health Perspect , 2014, 122(1) : A12–19.
DOI:10.1289/ehp.122-A12 |
|
[6] |
Dolgin E.
The myopia boom[J]. Nature , 2015, 519(7543) : 276–278.
DOI:10.1038/519276a |
|
[7] |
Wu PC, Tsai CL, Hu CH, et al.
Effects of outdoor activities on myopia among rural school children in Taiwan[J]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol , 2010, 17(5) : 338–342.
DOI:10.3109/09286586.2010.508347 |
|
[8] |
Hsu CC, Huang N, Lin PY, et al.
Prevalence and risk factors for myopia in second-grade primary school children in Taipei:a population-based study[J]. J Chin Med Assoc , 2016.
DOI:10.1016/j.jcma.2016.02.011 |
|
[9] |
Dirani M, Tong L, Gazzard G, et al.
Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children[J]. Br J Ophthalmol , 2009, 93(8) : 997–1000.
DOI:10.1136/bjo.2008.150979 |
|
[10] |
Rose KA, Morgan IG, Smith W, et al.
Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney[J]. Arch Ophthalmol , 2008, 126(4) : 527–530.
DOI:10.1001/archopht.126.4.527 |
|
[11] |
郭寅, 刘丽娟, 徐亮, 等.
北京市城乡681名小学生户外活动时间及与近视的关系[J]. 中华医学杂志 , 2014, 94(3) : 191–194.
Guo Y, Liu LJ, Xu L, et al.
Outdoor activity and myopia among 681 primary students in urban and rural regions of Beijing[J]. Natl Med J China , 2014, 94(3) : 191–194.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2014.03.009 |
|
[12] |
Sherwin JC, Reacher MH, Keogh RH, et al.
The association between time spent outdoors and myopia in children and adolescents:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Ophthalmology , 2012, 119(10) : 2141–2151.
DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.04.020 |
|
[13] |
Jones-Jordan LA, Mitchell GL, Cotter SA, et al.
Visual activity before and after the onset of juvenile Myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2011, 52(3) : 1841–1850.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-4997 |
|
[14] |
French AN, Morgan IG, Mitchell P, et al.
Risk factors for incident myopia in Australian schoolchildren:the Sydney adolescent vascular and eye study[J]. Ophthalmology , 2013, 120(10) : 2100–2108.
DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.035 |
|
[15] |
Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, et al.
Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2007, 48(8) : 3524–3532.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.06-1118 |
|
[16] |
Li SM, Li H, Li SY, et al.
Time outdoors and myopia progression over 2 years in Chinese children:the Anyang Childhood Eye Study[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2015, 56(8) : 4734–4740.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-15474 |
|
[17] |
Onal S, Toker E, Akingol Z, et al.
Refractive errors of medical students in turkey:one year follow-up of refraction and biometry[J]. Optom Vis Sci , 2007, 84(3) : 175–180.
DOI:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3180335c52 |
|
[18] |
He MG, Xiang F, Zeng YF, et al.
Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China:a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA , 2015, 314(11) : 142–148.
DOI:10.1001/jama.2015.10803 |
|
[19] |
金菊香, 伍晓艳, 万宇辉, 等.
户外活动对中小学生视力的保护效果评价[J]. 中国学校卫生 , 2014, 35(12) : 1776–1779.
Jin JX, Wu XY, Wan YH, et al.
Protective effect of increasing time spent outdoors on vision change among elementary and secondary school students[J]. Chin J Sch Health , 2014, 35(12) : 1776–1779.
|
|
[20] |
易军晖, 李蓉蓉.
近距离工作和户外活动对学龄期儿童近视进展的影响[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志 , 2011, 13(1) : 32–35.
Yi JH, Li RR.
Influence of near-work and outdoor activities on myopia progression in school children[J]. Chin J Contemp Pediatr , 2011, 13(1) : 32–35.
|
|
[21] |
Wu PC, Tsai CL, Wu HL, et al.
Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children[J]. Ophthalmology , 2013, 120(5) : 1080–1085.
DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.009 |
|
[22] |
Lin Z, Vasudevan B, Jhanji V, et al.
Near work, outdoor activity, and their association with refractive error[J]. Optom Vis Sci , 2014, 91(4) : 376–382.
DOI:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000219 |
|
[23] |
Zhang MZ, Li LP, Chen LZ, et al.
Population density and refractive error among Chinese children[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2010, 51(10) : 4969–4976.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-5424 |
|
[24] |
Jones-Jordan LA, Sinnott LT, Cotter SA, et al.
Time outdoors, visual activity, and myopia progression in juvenile-onset myopes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2012, 53(11) : 7169–7175.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-8336 |
|
[25] |
Guggenheim JA, Northstone K, McMahon G, et al.
Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood:a prospective cohort study[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2012, 53(6) : 2856–2865.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-9091 |
|
[26] |
Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, et al.
Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children[J]. Ophthalmology , 2008, 115(8) : 1279–1285.
DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.12.019 |
|
[27] |
陶芳标.
学校近视防治要重视近视源性环境的改善[J]. 中国学校卫生 , 2013, 34(11) : 1281–1283.
Tao FB.
Prevention and treatment of school myopia should pay attention to the improvement in myopigenic environment[J]. Chin J Sch Health , 2013, 34(11) : 1281–1283.
|
|
[28] |
Donovan L, Sankaridurg P, Ho A, et al.
Myopia progression in Chinese children is slower in summer than in winter[J]. Optom Vis Sci , 2012, 89(8) : 1196–1202.
DOI:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3182640996 |
|
[29] |
谌丁艳, 罗青山, 吴宇, 等.
深圳市高一学生身体活动现状及其对视力的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生 , 2015, 36(5) : 693–695.
Chen DY, Luo QS, Wu Y, et al.
Influence of physical activity on eyesight among middle school students in Shenzhen[J]. Chin J Sch Health , 2015, 36(5) : 693–695.
|
|
[30] |
Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ.
Light exposure and physical activity in myopic and emmetropic children[J]. Optom Vis Sci , 2014, 91(3) : 330–341.
DOI:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000160 |
|
[31] |
McKnight CM, Sherwin JC, Yazar S, et al.
Myopia in young adults is inversely related to an objective marker of ocular sun exposure:the western Australian raine cohort study[J]. Am J Ophthalmol , 2014, 158(5) : 1079–1085.
DOI:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.07.033 |
|
[32] |
Sherwin JC, Hewitt AW, Coroneo MT, et al.
The association between time spent outdoors and myopia using a novel biomarker of outdoor light exposure[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2012, 53(8) : 4363–4370.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-8677 |
|
[33] |
Cui DM, Trier K, Ribel-Madsen SM.
Effect of day length on eye growth, myopia progression, and change of corneal power in myopic children[J]. Ophthalmology , 2013, 120(5) : 1074–1079.
DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.022 |
|
[34] |
Wang Y, Ding H, Stell WK, et al.
Exposure to sunlight reduces the risk of myopia in rhesus monkeys[J]. PLoS One , 2015, 10(6) : e0127863.
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0127863 |
|
[35] |
French AN, Ashby RS, Morgan IG, et al.
Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia[J]. Exp Eye Res , 2013, 114 : 58–68.
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2013.04.018 |
|
[36] |
Norton TT, Siegwart JT Jr.
Light levels, refractive development, and myopia-a speculative review[J]. Exp Eye Res , 2013, 114 : 48–57.
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2013.05.004 |
|
[37] |
Ngo C, Saw SM, Dharani R, et al.
Does sunlight (bright lights) explain the protective effects of outdoor activity against myopia?[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , 2013, 33(3) : 368–372.
DOI:10.1111/opo.12051 |
|
[38] |
华文娟, 伍晓艳, 姜旋, 等.
教室光环境改善与中小学生视力变化的关系[J]. 中华预防医学杂志 , 2015, 49(2) : 147–151.
Hua WJ, Wu XY, Jiang X, et al.
Association between elevated light levels in classrooms and change in vision acuity among elementary and secondary students[J]. Chin J Prev Med , 2015, 49(2) : 147–151.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2015.02.010 |
|
[39] |
Ashby R, Ohlendorf A, Schaeffel F.
The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2009, 50(11) : 5348–5354.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-3419 |
|
[40] |
Smith Ⅲ EL, Hung LF, Huang J.
Protective effects of high ambient lighting on the development of form-deprivation myopia in rhesus monkeys[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2012, 53(1) : 421–428.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-8652 |
|
[41] |
孙文峰, 杨景雷, 周翔天.
多巴胺在近视形成中作用的研究进展[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志 , 2015, 17(6) : 377–380.
Sun WF, Yang JL, Zhou XT.
Advances in research on the role of dopamine in myopia[J]. Chin J Optom Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2015, 17(6) : 377–380.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2015.06.015 |
|
[42] |
Stone RA, Pardue MT, Iuvone PM, et al.
Pharmacology of myopia and potential role for intrinsic retinal circadian rhythms[J]. Exp Eye Res , 2013, 114 : 35–47.
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.001 |
|
[43] |
Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F.
An updated view on the role of dopamine in myopia[J]. Exp Eye Res , 2013, 114 : 106–119.
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2013.02.007 |
|
[44] |
McCarthy CS, Megaw P, Devadas M, et al.
Dopaminergic agents affect the ability of brief periods of normal vision to prevent form-deprivation myopia[J]. Exp Eye Res , 2007, 84(1) : 100–107.
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2006.09.018 |
|
[45] |
Cohen Y, Peleg E, Belkin M, et al.
Ambient illuminance, retinal dopamine release and refractive development in chicks[J]. Exp Eye Res , 2012, 103 : 33–40.
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.004 |
|
[46] |
Mehdizadeh M, Nowroozzadeh MH.
Outdoor activity and myopia[J]. Ophthalmology , 2009, 116(6) : 1229–1230.
DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.02.015 |
|
[47] |
Rucker F, Britton S, Spatcher M, et al.
Blue light protects against temporal frequency sensitive refractive changes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2015, 56(10) : 6121–6131.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.15-17238 |
|
[48] |
邹蕾蕾, 戴锦晖.
蓝光与眼健康[J]. 中华眼科杂志 , 2015, 51(1) : 65–69.
Zou LL, Dai JH.
Blue light and eye health[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol , 2015, 51(1) : 65–69.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2015.01.018 |
|
[49] |
Qian YF, Dai JH, Liu R.
Effects of the chromatic defocus caused by interchange of two monochromatic lights on refraction and ocular dimension in guinea pigs[J]. PLoS One , 2013, 8(5) : e63229.
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0063229 |
|
[50] |
Liu R, Hu M, He JC, et al.
The effects of monochromatic illumination on early eye development in rhesus monkeys[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2014, 55(3) : 1901–1909.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.13-12276 |
|
[51] |
Chu RY, Zheng XF, Chen DH, et al.
Blue light irradiation inhibits the production of HGF by human retinal pigment epithelium cells in vitro[J]. Photochem Photobiol , 2006, 82(5) : 1247–1250.
DOI:10.1562/2006-04-19-RA-880 |
|
[52] |
Li XJ, Yang XP, Wan GM, et al.
Effects of hepatocyte growth factor on MMP-2 expression in scleral fibroblasts from a guinea pig myopia model[J]. Int J Ophthalmol , 2014, 7(2) : 239–244.
DOI:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.09 |
|
[53] |
Smith Ⅲ EL, Hung LF, Arumugam B, et al.
Effects of long-wavelength lighting on refractive development in infant rhesus monkeys[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2015, 56(11) : 6490–6500.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.15-17025 |
|
[54] |
Norris JM.
Can the sunshine vitamin shed light on type 1 diabetes?[J]. Lancet , 2001, 358(9292) : 1476–1478.
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06570-9 |
|
[55] |
Mutti DO, Marks AR.
Blood levels of vitamin D in teens and young adults with myopia[J]. Optom Vis Sci , 2011, 88(3) : 377–382.
DOI:10.1097/OPX.0b013e31820b0385 |
|
[56] |
Yazar S, Hewitt AW, Black LJ, et al.
Myopia is associated with lower vitamin D status in young adults[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2014, 55(7) : 4552–4559.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14589 |
|
[57] |
沈李, 杨晨皓.
近视儿童血清维生素D水平研究[J]. 中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志 , 2015, 15(2) : 94–97.
Shen L, Yang CH.
Serum levels of vitamin D in children with myopia[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Otorhinolaryngol , 2015, 15(2) : 94–97.
DOI:10.14166/j.issn.1671-2420.2015.02.005 |
|
[58] |
Choi JA, Han K, Park YM, et al.
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with myopia in Korean adolescents[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2014, 55(4) : 2041–2047.
DOI:10.1167/IOVS.13-12853 |
|
[59] |
Tideman JWL, Polling JR, Voortman T, et al.
Low serum vitamin D is associated with axial length and risk of myopia in young children[J]. Eur J Epidemiol , 2016, 31(5) : 491–499.
DOI:10.1007/s10654-016-0128-8 |
|
[60] |
Mutti DO, Cooper ME, Dragan E, et al.
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and group-specific component (GC, Vitamin D-Binding Protein) polymorphisms in myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2011, 52(6) : 3818–3824.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-6534 |
|
[61] |
Guggenheim JA, Williams C, Northstone K, et al.
Does vitamin D mediate the protective effects of time outdoors on myopia? Findings from a prospective birth cohort[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , 2014, 55(12) : 8550–8558.
DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-15839 |
|
[62] |
King L, Xiang F, Swaminathan A, et al.
Measuring sun exposure in epidemiological studies:matching the method to the research question[J]. J Photochem Photobiol B , 2015, 153 : 373–379.
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.024 |
|
[63] |
伍晓艳, 许韶君, 高国朋, 等.
我国12个省份中小学生阳光接触时间状况分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志 , 2016, 37(4) : 496–500.
Wu XY, Xu SJ, Gao GP, et al.
Analysis on the time of sunshine exposure among Chinese primary and middle school students in 12 provinces[J]. Chin J Epidemiol , 2016, 37(4) : 496–500.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.04.011 |
|
[64] |
French AN, Morgan IG, Mitchell P, et al.
Patterns of myopigenic activities with age, gender and ethnicity in Sydney schoolchildren[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , 2013, 33(3) : 318–328.
DOI:10.1111/opo.12045 |
|
[65] |
Lucas RM, Valery P, van der Mei I, et al.
Sun exposure over a lifetime in Australian adults from latitudinally diverse regions[J]. Photochem Photobiol , 2013, 89(3) : 737–744.
DOI:10.1111/php.12044 |
|
[66] |
Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP.
Effects of above average summer sun exposure on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium absorption[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 2002, 87(11) : 4952–4956.
DOI:10.1210/jc.2002-020636 |
|
[67] |
Hanwell HE, Vieth R, Cole DE, et al.
Sun exposure questionnaire predicts circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Caucasian hospital workers in southern Italy[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 2010, 121(1/2) : 334–337.
DOI:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.023 |
|
[68] |
Chodick G, Kleinerman RA, Linet MS, et al.
Agreement between diary records of time spent outdoors and personal ultraviolet radiation dose measurements[J]. Photochem Photobiol , 2008, 84(3) : 713–718.
DOI:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00236.x |
|
[69] |
Alvarez AA, Wildsoet CF.
Quantifying light exposure patterns in young adult students[J]. J Mod Opt , 2013, 60(14) : 1200–1208.
DOI:10.1080/09500340.2013.845700 |
|
[70] |
Dharani R, Lee CF, Theng ZX, et al.
Comparison of measurements of time outdoors and light levels as risk factors for myopia in young Singapore children[J]. Eye (Lond) , 2012, 26(7) : 911–918.
DOI:10.1038/eye.2012.49 |
|
[71] |
Xiang F, Lucas R, Hales S, et al.
Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ambient UV radiation in white populations, 1978-2012:empirical relationships[J]. JAMA Dermatol , 2014, 150(10) : 1063–1071.
DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.762 |
|
[72] |
Sun J, Lucas RM, Harrison S, et al.
The relationship between ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and objectively measured personal UVR exposure dose is modified by season and latitude[J]. Photochem Photobiol Sci , 2014, 13(12) : 1711–1718.
DOI:10.1039/c4pp00322e |
|
[73] |
Schmid KL, Leyden K, Chiu YH, et al.
Assessment of daily light and ultraviolet exposure in young adults[J]. Optom Vis Sci , 2013, 90(2) : 148–155.
DOI:10.1097/OPX.0b013e31827cda5b |
|
[74] |
Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC, et al.
Occupational UV exposure of environmental agents in Valencia, Spain[J]. Photochem Photobiol , 2014, 90(4) : 911–918.
DOI:10.1111/php.12252 |
|
[75] |
Idorn LW, Datta P, Heydenreich J, et al.
A 3-year follow-up of sun behavior in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma[J]. JAMA Dermatol , 2014, 150(2) : 163–168.
DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.5098 |
|
[76] |
Parisi AV, Eley R, Downs N.
Determination of the usage of shade structures via a dosimetry technique[J]. Photochem Photobiol , 2012, 88(4) : 1012–1015.
DOI:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01111.x |
|
[77] |
Guo SY, Gies P, King K, et al.
Sun exposure and vitamin D status as Northeast Asian migrants become acculturated to life in Australia[J]. Photochem Photobiol , 2014, 90(6) : 1455–1461.
DOI:10.1111/php.12349 |
|
[78] |
Weihs P, Schmalwieser A, Reinisch C, et al.
Measurements of personal UV exposure On different parts of the body during various activities[J]. Photochem Photobiol , 2013, 89(4) : 1004–1007.
DOI:10.1111/php.12085 |
|