| 陆泳.上海市1952~1981三十年疟疾流行病学分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,1983,4(1):29-31 |
| 上海市1952~1981三十年疟疾流行病学分析 |
| Epidemiological Analysis of Malaria During the Last 30 Years in Shanghai |
| 收稿日期: 出版日期:2021-06-09 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 上海疟疾为解放前所故有,型多,发病率高,城区患病率可达32%,占医院门诊病人的28%。五十年代、六十年代有两次大爆发,后者发病率达3231.2/10万,经大力防治,已15年未见流行,现在已连续7年发病率降至5/万以下。1979年检测1,266例疟疾病人,84%是传入的。以<5/万为基本消灭、10/万为流行与非流行的临界线,则上海疟疾可粗分为:前15年为流行年(1952~1966),后15年为散发年(1967~1981)。流行高峰升起快(只需1~2年),下降慢(需3~4年)。1979年虽有大批知青返沪,带入大量传染源,由于措施及时,未致爆发流行,1981年发病专率降至1.1/万,已达“净化阶段”。我们的经验是:灭蚊经常化,“两根治”常规化,疫情监测和邻省联防制度化,积极清除残存病灶,改造蚊虫孽生地,疟疾是可以消灭的。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Malaria was inherent in Shanghai before liberation (1949). It was characterized by multiple types and high incidence of infection reaching a rate of 32% among urban inhabitants and 28% in the patients of outpatient-departments of the liospitals in Shangliai. There were two outbreaks in 1950s and 1960s respectively. The incidence of malaria in 1960s was 3231.2 per 100,000 populations. As a result of devoting major efforts to the prevention and cure of the disease, malaria was no longer prevalent in recent 15 years. The rate of incidence dropped below 5 per 10,000 populations for 7 years in succession up to 1981. The authors found that 84% of the cases were those immigrated to the city after an investigation on 1,266 malaria pts in 1979. According to the following criterian i. e. the incidence rate of malaria below 5/10,000 is an indication of nearing eradication and 10/10,000 being the critical line between epidemic and non-epidemic in the case of malaria, the authors proposed a rough line of demarcating 30 years’ history of malaria in Shanghai into two periodst the 15 years covering 1952-1966 was an epidemic period and the following 15 years i. e. 1967-1981 was a non-epidemic period. The peak of epidemic curve of malaria appeared to rise quickly in a period of 1-2 years and declined slowly in 3-4 years. In spite of that in 1979 large numbers of students had returned from rural areas to Shanghai, carrying malarial infection, outbreaks of the disease did not occur as a result of timely adoption of adequate measures against malaria* In 1981, the incidence rate of malaria dropped to 1.1/10.000 indicating that the occurrence of this disease in Shanghai was essentially in the “clearing” or terminal stage. The authors’ experiences were: It seemed essential to exterminate mosquitos repeatedly, to apply regularly “two radical” treatments: i.e. curing malaria patients and treating adequately those carrying malarial parasites. The systematization of combined surveillance and prevention of malaria in the neighbouring provinces, and active elimination of residual foci of the infection and thoroughly do away with the habitats of mosquitos. In this way, it was considered possible to stamp out malaria. |
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