| 江曼励,胡源浩,陈坚,谭文波,刘成龙,姜杰,唐美生,何建华,王庆少,周芝容.邵东县一次白喉爆发的流行病学调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,1987,8(3):136-138 |
| 邵东县一次白喉爆发的流行病学调查 |
| The Epidemiological Investigation on an Outbreak of Diphtheria in Shaodong County |
| 收稿日期: 出版日期:2021-05-31 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文主要报道邵东县于1983年9~11月发生一次罕见的白喉爆发流行,主要疫区双风公社由于预防接种工作不够落实,人群免疫水平下降,发病616人,死亡10人,发病率为349.4/万,病死率1.6%,经采取以精制白喉类毒素应急接种为主的综合性防治措施,及时控制了流行。在流行特征上,白喉发病年龄有高移趋势,7~15岁发病率最高,为0~6岁儿童的2倍;临床类型以轻型咽白喉为主,病原学检查发现白喉杆菌无毒株亦能致病。提出了控制农村白喉流行,在农村经济体制改革的同时,要对基层卫生组织进行整顿,落实计划免疫工作,重视对学龄儿童及成人的免疫。并根据近年来以轻型咽白喉为主的流行特点,避免漏诊和误诊,有必要重新修订白喉诊断标准。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper reported an exceptional outbreak of diphtheria in Shuangfeng Commune, Shaodong County, Hunan province, during September to November, 1983. The decreased immunity of the local population as the result of the neglected preventive measures might cause this accident. In the course of the epidemic 616 cases were infected, the incidence was 34.94%, and 10 cases died, but after the implementation of comprehensive measures in which the inocalation of the refined diphtheria toxoid was the mainly emergency measure. Hence the epidemic was controled promptly. The epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak were 1. The incidence was tending towards relatively higher age group, the highest incidence was in 7-15 years old group which was twice as high as the group of 0-6; 2. The clinical manifestation was mainly mild faucial diphtheria; 3. Certain nontoxic strains could also cause pathogenic outcomes. In order to control the epidemic of diphtheria in rural areas, we suggested that while reforming the rural economic system, we must consolidate basic health organizations. implement the programme on immunization and pay more attention to the immunity of school-age child and adult. It is also necessary to revise and perfect the diagnosis criterion of diphtheria, in the light of the mild faucial diphtheria becoming more importent recenty. |
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