| 沈卓之,丁贤彬,毛德强,张春华,吕晓燕,焦艳,漆莉.重庆市2014年成年人吸烟、戒烟行为及认知现状调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(11):1236-1243 |
| 重庆市2014年成年人吸烟、戒烟行为及认知现状调查 |
| Cross-section survey on smoking behavior and cognition in Chongqing, 2014 |
| 收稿日期:2015-03-09 出版日期:2015-11-13 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2015.11.011 |
| 中文关键词: 吸烟 被动吸烟 烟草控制 戒烟 |
| 英文关键词: Smoking Passive smoking Tobacco control Smoking cessation |
| 基金项目:医改重大专项中国慢性病及其危险因素监测(2013)项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解2014年重庆市成年人吸烟、戒烟状况的流行水平及对烟草知识的认知水平,为制定有效的控烟措施提供科学依据。方法 利用中国慢性病及其危险因素监测(2014)调查数据,采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对重庆市9个监测点5 400名≥18岁居民进行问卷调查,采用现在吸烟率、被动吸烟率、戒烟率、成功戒烟率等指标,根据2010年第六次普查人口进行加权,使用复杂抽样设计方法进行统计学分析。结果 重庆市≥18岁居民的现在吸烟率为27.4%,其中男性为53.5%,女性为1.1%,40～50岁组男性最高(58.4%);农村高于城市,渝东南翼高于其他地区;现在每日吸烟率分别为27.5%,被动吸烟率为52.4%。现在吸烟者的人均每日吸烟量为17.5支,男女性分别为17.6和13.5支。男性以40～50岁组和初中文化组每日吸烟量最多,分别为20.1、18.9支。现在吸烟者人均每日吸烟量≥20支(重度吸烟)的比例男性高于女性,农村高于城市。男性重度吸烟比例为59.3%,其中以40～50岁组和初中文化组的男性最高,分别为66.8%和65.2%。每日吸烟者中,开始吸烟的平均年龄为(20.8±7.2)岁,女性晚于男性,农村晚于城市。开始吸烟的年龄< 25岁的占80.2%,15～25岁占70.3%。吸烟者的戒烟率为20.1%,成功戒烟率为13.7%,打算戒烟率为25.1%。戒烟率和成功戒烟率均呈随吸烟者年龄增长而上升的趋势,男性18～40岁组的成功戒烟率最低(4.8%)。人群对吸烟、被动吸烟引起其他疾病的认知普遍偏低,对主动吸烟引起3种疾病的知晓率为19.6%,对被动吸烟引起3种疾病的知晓率为21.9%。结论 重庆市≥18岁居民吸烟和被动吸烟状态仍处于高水平,吸烟率呈现明显上升趋势,对烟草知识的认知不足,烟草控制面临巨大挑战。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation, passive smoking and awareness of the dangers of tobacco in population in Chongqing and provide evidence for developing prevention and control measures. Methods A total of 5 400 residents aged ≥18 years were selected from 9 districts/counties in Chongqing through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and face-to-face interviews were conducted among them. Indicators as current smoking rates, smoking cessation rates and passive smoking rates were calculated by the weight of age proportions from 2010 population census. The analytical method was based on complex sampling design. Results The current smoking rate of the residents aged ≥18 years was 27.4% (male:53.5% and female: 1.1%), which was highest in age group 40-50 years (58.4%) for males. The current smoking rate among rural residents was higher than that in urban residents. The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 27.5%, which was significantly higher in southeastern Chongqing. The rate of passive smoking was 52.4%. Among daily smokers, the mean number of cigarettes smoked was 17.5 per day (men:17.6 per day; women:13.5 per day). The daily smoked cigarette number in males was higher in age group 40-50 years (20.1 per day) and those with junior middle school education level (18.9 per day). The proportion of the current smokers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (the rate of heavy smoker) was higher in males than in females and in rural residents than in urban residents. The proportion of heavy smokers was 59.3%, which was highest in age group 40-50 years (66.8%), followed by those with junior middle school educational level (65.2%). The average age of smokers when they stared to smoke was 20.8 years old, which was low in males and rural residents. About 80.2% of the smokers stared to smoke under 25 years old, and 70.3% of the smokers stared to smoke between 15 and 25 years old. The overall rate of smoking cessation was 20.1% and the successful smoking cessation rate was 13.7%. The two rates increased with age, the successful smoking cessation rate was lowest in age group 18-40 years (4.8%). The awareness of the tobacco risk related knowledge seemed poor among the residents, only 19.6% of the residents were aware that smoking could cause serious diseases (stoke, heart disease and lung cancer). 21.9% of the residents were aware that passive smoking could cause serious diseases (heart disease, lung disease and lung cancer). Conclusion Current prevalence of smoking in males in Chongqing remains at a high level, indicating that the publicity programs on the tobacco risk related knowledge needs to be strengthened and the tobacco control needs more efforts. The tobacco control in Chongqing is still facing serious challenge. |
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