| 周佳,马迎华,马军,邹志勇,孟祥坤,陶芳标,罗春燕,静进,潘德鸿,罗家有,张欣,王宏,赵海萍.中国6省市中小学生近视流行现状及其影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(1):29-34 |
| 中国6省市中小学生近视流行现状及其影响因素分析 |
| Prevalence of myopia and influencing factors among primary and middle school students in 6 provinces of China |
| 收稿日期:2015-04-13 出版日期:2016-01-12 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.01.006 |
| 中文关键词: 近视 患病率 影响因素 中小学生 |
| 英文关键词: Myopia Prevalence Influencing factor Primary and middle school student |
| 基金项目:2012年卫生公益性行业科研专项(201202010) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析6省市部分中小学生近视流行现状及其可能的影响因素。方法 采用多阶段整群抽样方法按全国6个行政区划分别抽取1个省或直辖市,每个城市抽取中学(初中一、二年级和高中一、二年级)和小学(一至六年级)各10所。共收回问卷60 334份,有效问卷57 904份,有效率为96.0%。按《全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》要求检查视力及开展问卷调查,采用一般统计描述、Pearson χ2检验、二分类logistic多因素方法分析中小学生近视流行现状及影响因素。结果 6省市调查的中小学生近视患病率为55.7%,其中女生(59.7%)高于男生(51.9%),差异有统计学意义(P <0.01);6～8岁组、10～12岁组、13～15岁组和16～18岁组近视患病率分别为35.8%、58.9%、73.4%和81.2%,呈随年龄增长患病率有明显上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001)。父母近视、计算机显示屏与眼的距离、读写时胸部距桌边沿不足一拳(10 cm)、眼距离书本不足一尺(约30 cm)、写字时手指距离笔尖一寸(3 cm)、每天睡眠时间、最近1周平均每天户外活动时间、下午学校安排体育活动的时间、家中电视机的大小、是否限制看电视/计算机的时间为近视的影响因素。结论 调查地区中小学生近视患病率仍处于较高水平并受遗传因素、户外活动时间、用眼行为等因素的综合影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia in primary and middle school students in 6 provinces and the possible influencing factors. Methods Primary and middle school students were selected through multistage cluster sampling in 60 primary and middle schools in 6 provinces in China. The questionnaire survey and eyesight test were conducted among all the students selected according to the national student's physique and health survey protocol. Pearson chi-square test and binary multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to identify the influencing factors for myopia in students. Results The prevalence of myopia among primary and middle school students surveyed was 55.7%, the gender specific difference was statistically significant (59.7% for girls, 51.9% for boys) (P <0.01). The prevalence of myopia increased with age obviously. The prevalence was 35.8% in age group 6-8 years, 58.9% in age group 10-12 years, 73.4% in age group 13-15 years and 81.2% in age group 16-18 years, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.001). Single factor and multivariate analysis showed that parents' myopia, distance between computer screen and eyes, distance less than 30 cm between eyes and book while reading, distance less than 10 cm between chest and the table edge while studying, distance less than 3 cm between fingers and pen tip, sleep time, average outdoor activity time during last week, school sport activities in the afternoon, the size of television set at home, time spent on watching TV and playing computer were the influencing factors for myopia. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia is till high in primary and middle school students. Myopia is associated with both genetic factors and individual eye health related behaviors. |
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