| 刘凤凤,赵善露,陈琦,常昭瑞,张静,郑亚明,罗莉,冉陆,廖巧红.2015年全国伤寒、副伤寒流行病学特征和空间聚类分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(6):754-758 |
| 2015年全国伤寒、副伤寒流行病学特征和空间聚类分析 |
| Surveillance data on typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in 2015, China |
| 收稿日期:2016-12-28 出版日期:2017-06-19 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.06.013 |
| 中文关键词: 伤寒/副伤寒 流行特征 回顾时空扫描分析 |
| 英文关键词: Typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever Epidemiological features Retrospective space-time analysis |
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| 摘要点击次数: 3838 |
| 全文下载次数: 1907 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析2015年全国伤寒、副伤寒监测数据，掌握其流行特征，探索高发省份疫情聚集区域。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析2015年全国伤寒、副伤寒被动监测个案数据，计算分年龄组发病率，描述其发病季节性、地区和人群分布特征。应用回顾性时空扫描分析方法对高发地区进行空间聚类分析。结果 2015年全国共报告伤寒8 850例（发病率为0.65/10万），副伤寒2 794例（发病率为0.21/10万）。伤寒、副伤寒全年均有发病，高发季节为5－10月；职业分布以农民（39.68%）、儿童（15.89%）和学生（12.01%）为主；<5岁儿童发病率最高，分别为1.57/10万和0.69/10万。对云南、广西、贵州、湖南和广东5个高发省份回顾性时空扫描分析发现，一类和二类聚集区域主要分布在各省边界邻近县（区），邻省边界县（区）病例聚集。结论 2015年我国伤寒、副伤寒总体呈低发流行态势，以局部地区流行为主，高发省份之间可能存在跨地区传播，是发病聚集区域明显的主要原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective Through analyzing the surveillance data on typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in 2015 to understand the related epidemiological features and most possible clustering areas of high incidence. Methods Individual data was collected from the passive surveillance program and analyzed by descriptive statistic method. Characteristics on seasonal, regional and distribution of the diseases were described. Spatial-temporal clustering characteristics were estimated, under the retrospective space-time method. Results A total of 8 850 typhoid fever cases were reported from the surveillance system, with incidence rate as 0.65/100 000. The number of paratyphoid fever cases was 2 794, with incidence rate as 0.21/100 000. Both cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever occurred all year round, with high epidemic season from May to October. Most cases involved farmers (39.68%), children (15.89%) and students (12.01%). Children under 5 years showed the highest incidence rate. Retrospective space-time analysis for provinces with high incidence rates would include Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and Guangdong, indicating the first and second class clusters were mainly distributed near the bordering adjacent districts and counties among the provinces. Conclusion In 2015, the prevalence rates of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were low, however with regional high prevalence areas. Cross regional transmission existed among provinces with high incidence rates which might be responsible for the clusters to appear in these areas. |
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