| 李玉青,石建辉,曹远,齐力,刘秀荣.控烟条例实施1年对北京市15岁及以上人群烟草使用的影响[J].中华流行病学杂志,2018,39(9):1188-1192 |
| 控烟条例实施1年对北京市15岁及以上人群烟草使用的影响 |
| One year after the implementation of 2015 Tobacco Control Regulation on persons aged 15 years and over tobacco use in Beijing |
| 收稿日期:2018-03-27 出版日期:2018-09-20 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.09.009 |
| 中文关键词: 烟草控制 吸烟率 |
| 英文关键词: Tobacco control Smoking prevalence |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 监测北京市≥15岁人群吸烟及戒烟状况，评价《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施效果。方法 2014年和2016年参照全球成年人烟草调查的原则和方法，采用多阶段整群概率抽样法从北京市324个街道/乡镇中抽取50个，再从每个街道/乡镇抽取2个居/村委会，共计100个监测点；以简单随机抽样法在每个监测点抽取100个家庭户；用掌上电脑从所有满足条件的家庭成员中以简单随机抽样法自动抽取1名≥15岁的家庭成员作为调查对象。以入户调查形式获得数据。用SPSS 20.0软件的复杂抽样数据分析模块，以基本权重、未应答权重和后分层校正调整权重的乘积进行加权，计算现在吸烟率、每日吸烟率、戒烟率等指标，并估算可信区间。结果 2014年和2016年分别获得有效个人问卷8 484份和9 372份，总体应答率分别为86.5%和96.5%。2014年北京市≥15岁人群现在吸烟率为23.4%，2016年为22.3%，按照北京市第六次人口普查数据，现在吸烟者的数量减少了19.9万人。每日吸烟者比例由2014年的20.7%下降到2016年的19.2%。现在吸烟者的日平均吸烟量由2014年的14.6支上升为2016年的15.4支。戒烟率由14.9%上升为16.8%。现在吸烟者在过去12个月中至少尝试一次戒烟的比例由2014年的22.3%上升为2016年的23.2%。现在吸烟者有戒烟意愿的比例由2014年的11.6%上升为2016年的15.5%。过去12个月看过医生的吸烟者中，收到医生戒烟建议的比例2014年和2016年分别为58.9%和59.2%。2016年人群中过去12个月内尝试过戒烟的现在吸烟者中戒烟门诊和戒烟热线的知晓率分别为36.8%和29.5%，7.7%的知晓者去过戒烟门诊，5.5%的知晓者使用过戒烟热线。结论 《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施1年≥15岁人群现在吸烟率下降。下一步应加大戒烟服务宣传，提高现在吸烟者对戒烟服务的知晓，促进其寻求戒烟服务。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the current status of smoking and smoking cessation in persons aged 15 years and over in Beijing and evaluate the effect of 2015 Beijing Tobacco Control Regulation. Methods In 2014 and 2016, based on the principles and methodology of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. A total of 50 communities or townships were selected from 324 communities or townships in Beijing through multistage cluster sampling, and 2 community (village) committees from each community or township were selected with the method of probability proportional to size (PPS). A total of 100 surveillance sites were set, and 100 households were selected from each surveillance site by using simple random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interview from the eligible family members aged 15 years and over with the assistance of a tablet computer. Statistical analyses were conducted by using complex sampling analyses module of SPSS 20.0, with weights as a combination of sampling weights, non-response weights and post-stratification weights, for the calculation of current smoking prevalence, daily smoking prevalence, smoking cessation rate, etc. Results A total of 8 484 and 9 372 valid questionnaires were obtained, respectively, in 2014 and 2016, with the response rate of 86.5% and 96.5%. The current smoking prevalence in persons aged 15 years and over was 23.4% in 2014, and 22.3% in 2016. According to the 6th national census data, the current smoking population decreased by 199 000 in Beijing. The proportion of daily smokers declined from 20.7% in 2014 to 19.2% in 2016. The daily number of cigarettes consumed by current smokers increased from 14.6 in 2014 to 15.4 in 2016. The smoking cessation rate was 14.9% in 2014 and 16.8% in 2016. The proportion of current smokers who had at least one smoking cessation attempt in the past 12 months increased from 22.3% in 2014 to 23.2% in 2016, and the proportion of current smokers who planned to quit smoking increased from 11.6% to 15.5%. Among the current smokers who had visited doctors in the past 12 months, the proportion of those having smoking cessation advice was 58.9% in 2014 and 59.2% in 2016. In 2016, among the current smokers who had attempted to quit in the past 12 months, 36.8% were aware of the smoking cessation clinics, and 29.5%were aware of the quitline. Among those who were aware, only 7.7% had actually visited the cessation clinics, and 5.5% had used the quitline. Conclusions After the implementation of 2015 Beijing Tobacco Control Regulation for 1 year, the current smoking prevalence in persons aged 15 years and over showed decreasing. It is necessary to further prompt the expansion of smoking cessation service to cover more current smokers. |
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