| 丛舒,王宁,樊静,王宝华,安晶,包鹤龄,王临虹,方利文.我国40岁及以上吸烟人群烟草依赖严重程度及其影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2021,42(5):807-813 |
| 我国40岁及以上吸烟人群烟草依赖严重程度及其影响因素分析 |
| Tobacco dependence status and influencing factors among smokers aged 40 or older in China |
| 收稿日期:2021-02-04 出版日期:2021-05-27 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210204-00092 |
| 中文关键词: 烟草依赖 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 监测 戒烟 控烟 |
| 英文关键词: Tobacco dependence Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Surveillance Smoking cessation Tobacco control |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1303905，2016YFC1303900）；中央转移支付重大公共卫生项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解我国≥40岁吸烟人群烟草依赖情况及其影响因素，为我国广泛开展戒烟干预提供科学数据。方法 本研究数据来源于2014-2015年中国居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测，覆盖31个省（自治区、直辖市）的125个监测点，以面对面询问调查的方式收集≥40岁居民吸烟和烟草依赖的相关变量。应用复杂抽样加权估计我国≥40岁现在吸烟和现在每日吸烟人群烟草依赖率及其95%CI并分析其影响因素。结果 纳入分析现在吸烟者22 380人，现在每日吸烟者19 999人。≥40岁现在吸烟人群的重度烟草依赖率为31.1%（29.3%~32.9%），其中男性为32.0%（30.2%~33.9%），高于女性17.6%（13.4%~21.7%）；乡村为32.7%（30.2%~35.2%），高于城镇；40~59岁年龄组重度烟草依赖率较高，为33.3%（31.3%~35.2%）。≥40岁现在每日吸烟人群的重度烟草依赖率为35.0%（33.0%~37.0%），男性为35.8%（33.8%~37.8%），女性为22.0%（16.8%~27.2%）。在现在吸烟人群和每日吸烟人群中，文化程度越低，重度烟草依赖率越高；18岁以前开始吸烟者重度烟草依赖率明显高于18岁及以后开始吸烟者；有慢性呼吸道症状者的重度烟草依赖率明显高于无症状吸烟者；慢性呼吸系统疾病患者和非患者的重度烟草依赖率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；患有糖尿病、心脑血管疾病和高血压的吸烟者的重度烟草依赖率略低于非患者（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，男性、中部和东部地区、40~59岁年龄组、从事农林牧渔水利、生产运输和商业服务职业、文化程度低、18岁以前开始吸烟者患重度烟草依赖的风险高。结论 我国≥40岁吸烟人群的重度烟草依赖水平较高，戒烟干预服务客观需求巨大，应采取有效措施推动我国戒烟干预工作的开展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understanding tobacco dependence and its influencing factors among smokers aged 40 or older in China and provide scientific data for the implementation of smoking cessation intervention.Methods The data of this study were collected from 125 surveillance sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) surveillance in China (2014 and 2015). The relevant variables of smoking status and tobacco dependence among people aged 40 or older were collected by face-to-face interview. The weighted proportion of tobacco dependence and its 95%CI and influencing factors among current smokers and daily smokers aged 40 or older in China were estimated with complex sampling weights. Results A total of 22 380 current smokers and 19 999 daily smokers were included in the analysis. The proportion of high tobacco dependence of current smokers aged 40 or older was 31.1% (29.3%-32.9%). The proportion of high tobacco dependence was higher in men than in women, and higher in rural smokers than urban smokers. The proportion was 33.3% (31.3%-35.2%) in 40 to 59 years old smokers, which was higher than older age group. The proportion of high tobacco dependence among daily smokers aged 40 or older was 35.0% (33.0%-37.0%), and was 35.8% (33.8%-37.8%) in men and 22.0% (16.8%-27.2%) in women. Among current smokers and daily smokers, with the decrease of education level, the proportion of high tobacco dependence increased. The proportion of high tobacco dependence of smokers who started smoking before 18 years old was significantly higher than those who started smoking after 18 years old. The ratio of high tobacco dependence of smokers with chronic respiratory symptoms was higher than that of asymptomatic smokers. There was no significant difference in the tobacco dependence between patients with chronic diseases or chronic respiratory diseases and non patients (P>0.05). Smokers with diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension had a slightly lower proportion of high tobacco dependence than smokers without above diseases (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men, central and eastern regions, 40-59 age group, engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery industry, water conservancy, manufacture, transportation and commercial services occupation, low education level and smoking onset age less than 18 years old had a high risk of high tobacco dependence.Conclusions The proportion of high tobacco dependence among current smokers aged 40 or older is high in China, so there is a huge demand for smoking cessation interventions. Effective measures should be taken to promote smoking cessation intervention in China. |
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