| 魏永越,高文静,张隆垚,王绍冠,詹思延,任涛,郝元涛,吕筠,李立明.我国部分公共卫生学院师生新型冠状病毒感染现况调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2023,44(2):175-183 |
| 我国部分公共卫生学院师生新型冠状病毒感染现况调查 |
| Epidemiological survey of 2019-nCoV infection in staff and students in some public health schools in China |
| 收稿日期:2022-08-25 出版日期:2023-02-15 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20221231-01092 |
| 中文关键词: 新型冠状病毒感染 感染率 临床症状 |
| 英文关键词: 2019-nCoV infection Infection rate Clinical symptom |
| 基金项目:中华医学基金会（20-366） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 魏永越 | 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心, 北京 100191 | | | 高文静 | 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心, 北京 100191
北京大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100191 | | | 张隆垚 | 南京医科大学公共卫生学院, 南京 211166 | | | 王绍冠 | 北京大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100191 | | | 詹思延 | 北京大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100191 | | | 任涛 | 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心, 北京 100191
北京大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100191 | | | 郝元涛 | 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心, 北京 100191 | | | 吕筠 | 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心, 北京 100191
北京大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100191 | | | 李立明 | 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心, 北京 100191
北京大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100191 | lmleeph@vip.163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解我国新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控策略调整后，不同地域的流行现况及特点。方法 于2022年12月20日12：00至23日9：00，对全国23个省份39个高校公共卫生学院的教职工和学生（师生）开展网络问卷调查。分析不同地区的感染率，探索感染风险因素、感染者人群特征和临床症状等情况。结果 调查获得28 901份有效问卷（其中学生26 355份，教职工2 546份），问卷有效率为94.3%。北京市感染率最高，其学生和教职工感染率分别达78.55%和76.40%；天津市、河北省的师生感染率均超过65.00%；各省份感染率差异较大；96.76%的感染时间发生于2022年12月1日及以后。与教职工相比，学生的感染风险更低（OR=0.72，95%CI：0.60~0.86）；与≤20岁组相比，21~、31~、41~、51~、>60岁组的OR值（95%CI）分别为1.22（1.14~1.30）、1.54（1.30~1.84）、1.25（0.99~1.58）、1.29（0.94~1.78）、1.19（0.51~2.80）；末次新型冠状病毒疫苗接种时间距今越长，感染风险越高，以≤3个月以内者为参照，4~、7~、10~、13~及≥16个月者的OR值（95%CI）分别为1.56（1.34~1.82）、1.59（1.36~1.86）、1.67（1.45~1.93）、1.86（1.58~2.19）、2.46（2.09~2.90）。与独住者相比，与1~、3~及≥5人同住者的OR值（95%CI）分别为17.55（15.91~19.39）、20.22（18.25~22.43）和11.78（10.40~13.36）。感染者中，仅有5.94%的教职工和7.19%的学生自报为无症状感染者；在有症状感染者中，85.65%的教职工和88.18%的学生报告出现发热症状。结论 我国各地疫情发展速度差异显著，其传播速度和临床严重程度远超既往认识。应定期开展有组织的流行病学调查，以期为更准确地预测疫情态势和医疗资源需求提供可靠的数据支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the infection status and characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection in different areas in China after the adjustment of the national prevention and control strategy of 2019-nCoV infection. Methods The online questionnaire survey was conducted among staff and students of 39 public health schools in 23 provinces (municipalities) in China from 12:00 on December 20 to 9:00 on December 23, 2022. The infection rates in staff and students in all the provinces were estimated. The risk factors, demographic and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infections were explored. Results A total of 28 901 valid questionnaires were obtained (26 355 from students and 2 546 from staff) with a qualified rate of 94.3%. The infection rates varied greatly among provinces and cities; the infection rates in students and staff in Beijing reached 78.55% and 76.40%, respectively. Infection rates in students and staff in Tianjin and Hebei also exceeded 65.00%, and 96.76% of infections occurred on and after December 1, 2022. Students had lower risk for the infection compared with staff (OR=0.72, 95%CI:0.60-0.86). Compared with age group ≤ 20 years, the OR of age groups 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 and > 60 years were 1.22 (95%CI:1.14-1.30), 1.54 (95%CI:1.30-1.84), 1.25 (95%CI:0.99-1.58), 1.29 (95%CI:0.94-1.78) and 1.19 (95%CI:0.51-2.80), respectively. The longer the period after the last vaccination, the higher the risk for the infection. Compared with those who received the last vaccination in the past 3 months, the OR of those who received the last vaccination in the past 4-6 months, 7-9 months, 10-12 months, 13-15 months and ≥ 16 months were 1.56 (95%CI:1.34-1.82), 1.59 (95%CI:1.36-1.86), 1.67 (95%CI:1.45-1.93), 1.86 (95%CI:1.58-2.19) and 2.46 (95%CI:2.09-2.90), respectively. Compared with those living alone, the OR of those living with 1-2, 3-4 and ≥ 5 roommates were 17.55 (95%CI:15.91-19.39), 20.22 (95%CI:18.25-22.43) and 11.78 (95%CI:10.40-13.36), respectively. Only 5.94% of the staff and 7.19% of the students reported asymptomatic infections. Among those with symptoms, 88.18% of students and 85.65% of staff reported symptom of fever. Conclusions The transmission dynamics of 2019-nCoV infection varied significantly across the country. The speed of transmission of 2019-nCoV and clinical severity of the infection were far beyond our knowledge. Organized epidemiological survey should be regularly carried out to provide reliable data support for more accurate prediction of the epidemic and medical resource allocation. |
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