| 栾桂杰,陈萌,刘尧,刘少楠,张伟燕,许青,么鸿雁.山东省2019-2021年成年人和儿童水痘病例流行特征及临床表现的比较[J].中华流行病学杂志,2023,44(4):587-591 |
| 山东省2019-2021年成年人和儿童水痘病例流行特征及临床表现的比较 |
| Comparison of epidemic characteristics and clinical manifestation of chickenpox between adults and children in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021 |
| 收稿日期:2022-09-06 出版日期:2023-04-18 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220906-00766 |
| 中文关键词: 水痘 成年人 儿童 |
| 英文关键词: Chickenpox Adult Child |
| 基金项目:山东省医药卫生科技发展计划（202012050267） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析成年人和儿童水痘病例在流行特征及临床表现方面的差异，为水痘的防控策略调整提供参考。方法 收集山东省2019年1月至2021年12月水痘病例个案的监测数据，采用描述性流行病学方法对病例分布情况进行统计分析，采用χ2检验比较成年人和儿童水痘病例在流行特征及临床表现方面的差异。结果 2019-2021年山东省共报告水痘病例66 182例，其中成年人24 085例，男女性别比为1∶1（12 032∶12 053）；儿童42 097例，男女性别比为1.4∶1 （24 699∶17 398）。病例的发热症状以低热和中等热为主，但是儿童病例中体温在38.1~39.0 ℃之间的中等热症状病例占35.0%（14 744/42 097），明显高于成年人的32.0%（7 696/24 085）；水痘病例的疱疹数量以<50个为主，但是儿童病例中疱疹数量100~200个的比例高于成年人；成年人水痘病例并发症的发生率为1.4%（333/24 085），儿童水痘病例并发症的发生率为1.7%（731/42 097），其中，儿童病例并发症中脑炎和肺炎的发生率高于成年人，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；水痘病例以门诊就医为主，儿童病例的住院比例（14.4%，6 049/42 097）高于成年人病例（10.7%，2 585/24 085）。结论 成年人和儿童水痘病例的流行特征及临床表现存在差异，水痘病例的临床症状整体上儿童比成年人严重，但是成年人对水痘普遍易感且缺乏免疫策略保护，也应得到更多的关注。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To analyze the differences between adults and children in the epidemic characteristics and clinical manifestations of chickenpox and provide a reference for the prevention strategy adjustment of chickenpox. Methods The incidence data of chickenpox surveillance in Shandong Province from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of cases, and the chi-square test was used to compare the differences in epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of varicella cases between adults and children. Results A total of 66 182 cases of chickenpox were reported from 2019 to 2021, including 24 085 cases of adults chickenpox, the male to female sex ratio was 1∶1 (12 032∶12 053), basically the same for men and women, and 42 097 cases of children chickenpox, with a gender ratio of 1.4∶1, the male to female ratio was 1.4∶1 (24 699∶17 398). Fever in chickenpox cases was mainly low and moderate, but the proportion of moderate fever with temperature between 38.1 and 39.0 ℃ in children cases (35.0%,14 744/42 097) was significantly higher than that in adults (32.0%,7 696/24 085). The number of herpes in chickenpox cases was mainly less than 50, but the proportion of severe cases with 100-200 herpes in children was higher than that in adults. The incidence rate of complications was 1.4% (333/24 085) in adults chickenpox, the incidence rate of complications was 1.7% (731/42 097) in children chickenpox. The incidence of encephalitis and pneumonia in children was higher than in adults, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The proportion of chickenpox cases was mainly outpatient, but the hospitalization rate of children cases was 14.4% (6 049/42 097), higher than that of adults, which was 10.7% (2 585/24 085). Conclusions There were differences between adult chickenpox and child chickenpox in terms of epidemic and clinical manifestations; the symptoms of child chickenpox were more serious than adult chickenpox. However, the adult chickenpox population is generally susceptible and lacks immune strategy protection, which calls for more attention. |
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