| 金怡晨,汤后林,秦倩倩,蔡畅,陈方方,吕繁.2015-2022年我国报告60岁及以上HIV感染者流行特征和变化趋势[J].中华流行病学杂志,2023,44(11):1673-1678 |
| 2015-2022年我国报告60岁及以上HIV感染者流行特征和变化趋势 |
| Epidemiological characteristics and trend of HIV-infected patients aged 60 years and older reported in China, 2015-2022 |
| 收稿日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2023-11-17 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230314-00146 |
| 中文关键词: 艾滋病病毒/艾滋病 老年 流行特征 |
| 英文关键词: HIV/AIDS Elderly Epidemiological characteristic |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解近年来我国报告≥60岁HIV感染者流行特征和变化趋势，为制定老年人群艾滋病防治策略提供依据。方法 数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统，对2015-2022年报告年龄≥60岁的HIV感染者流行特征和变化趋势进行分析，在SPSS 24.0软件中使用t检验和Kruskal-Wallis H非参检验比较不同流行特征的组间差异，运用Joinpoint 4.9.0软件计算年度变化百分比（APC）并用Joinpoint回归分析新诊断率随时间变化趋势。使用Excel 2019软件进行绘图。结果 我国报告≥60岁HIV感染者数从2015年的17 451例上升到2022年的27 004例，新诊断率从9.0/10万上升到10.2/10万，男性新诊断率高于女性；时间趋势分析显示男性和女性老年新诊断率均在2019年达到峰值（男性APC=13.5%，P=0.003；女性APC=15.0%，P=0.002），2019年后呈下降趋势（男性APC=-12.4%，P=0.006；女性APC=-13.0%，P=0.007）。老年男性感染者中异性性传播占93.5%（160 747/171 924），同性性传播占5.1%（8 781/171 924）；老年女性感染者中异性性传播占98.4%（48 899/49 697）；老年感染者71.5%（158 394/221 621）由医疗机构诊断发现，较其他途径发现的感染者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数更低（H=1 079.82，P<0.001）。结论 老年HIV感染风险意识较差、不安全性行为多，HIV感染风险较高，需强化主动检测发现，促进检测“关口前移”及感染者深入流调，为实施精准防控提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of HIV-infected patients aged ≥ 60 years reported in recent years in China and provide reference for the development of HIV prevention and control strategies for the elderly. Methods The data of newly reported HIV-infected patients aged ≥ 60 years between 2015 and 2022 were obtained from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The differences in epidemiological characteristics of HIV infections among groups were compared by using t test and Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric test in software SPSS 24.0. Software Joinpoint 4.9.0 was used to calculate annual percent change (APC) and trend analysis was conducted by using Joinpoint regression model. Software Excel 2019 was used for graph drawing. Results The number of reported HIV-infected patients aged ≥ 60 years in China increased from 17 451 in 2015 to 27 004 in 2022, with newly diagnosed rate rising from 9.0/100 000 to 10.2/100 000. The newly diagnosed rate in men was higher than that in women. Trend analysis demonstrated that the newly diagnosed rate in both elderly men and women peaked in 2019 (APC for men=13.5%, P=0.003; APC for women=15.0%, P=0.002), and showed a downward trend after 2019 (APC for men=-12.4%, P=0.006; APC for women=-13.0%, P=0.007). Among the elderly infected men, those infected by heterosexual and homosexual transmission accounted for 93.5% (160 747/171 924) and 5.1% (8 781/171 924), respectively. Among the elderly infected women, those infected by heterosexual transmission accounted for 98.4% (48 899/49 697). The infected elder people diagnosed by medical institutions accounted for 71.5% (158 394/221 621), whose baseline CD4+T lymphocytes level was lower than that in those diagnosed by other ways (H=1 079.82, P<0.001). Conclusions The poor risk awareness and high-risk sexual behavior made the elderly at higher risk for HIV infection. More efforts should be made to improve active surveillance, timely detection and origin-tracing for infected elderly for the accurate and effective prevention and control of HIV infection. |
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