| 蔡先明,刘武,赵春艳,陈林一,赵天朔,刘翰谕,曾静,黄宁华,刘雅琼,卢庆彬,崔富强.我国两个地区儿童流感疫苗与肺炎疫苗接种现状与影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2023,44(11):1731-1737 |
| 我国两个地区儿童流感疫苗与肺炎疫苗接种现状与影响因素分析 |
| Study of coverage of influenza and pneumonia vaccinations in children and influencing factors in two areas, China |
| 收稿日期:2023-04-04 出版日期:2023-11-17 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230404-00215 |
| 中文关键词: 流感疫苗 肺炎疫苗 接种行为 |
| 英文关键词: Influenza vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine Vaccination behavior |
| 基金项目:北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金（L222029） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 蔡先明 | 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系/疫苗研究评价中心, 北京 100191
重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学), 北京 100191 | | | 刘武 | 甘肃省白银市靖远县疾病预防控制中心, 靖远 730699 | | | 赵春艳 | 北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 101100 | | | 陈林一 | 匹兹堡大学公共卫生学院流行病学系, 宾夕法尼亚 15260 | | | 赵天朔 | 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系/疫苗研究评价中心, 北京 100191
重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学), 北京 100191 | | | 刘翰谕 | 四川省成都市金牛区卫生健康局, 成都 610083 | | | 曾静 | 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系/疫苗研究评价中心, 北京 100191
重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学), 北京 100191 | | | 黄宁华 | 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系/疫苗研究评价中心, 北京 100191
重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学), 北京 100191 | | | 刘雅琼 | 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系/疫苗研究评价中心, 北京 100191
重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学), 北京 100191 | | | 卢庆彬 | 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系/疫苗研究评价中心, 北京 100191
重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学), 北京 100191 | | | 崔富强 | 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系/疫苗研究评价中心, 北京 100191
重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学), 北京 100191 | cuifuq@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解儿童流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗的接种行为与影响因素。方法 采用两阶段整群抽样，在北京市通州区和甘肃省白银市对适龄儿童家长开展横断面问卷调查，分析儿童流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗接种率及影响因素。结果 共纳入2 377名儿童，儿童流感疫苗接种率为35.93%，肺炎疫苗接种率为16.58%，两种疫苗均接种率为11.65%。接种两种疫苗的理由占比前三位分别为认为疾病严重（流感疫苗：36.02%；肺炎疫苗：49.61%）、学校、单位要求接种（流感疫苗：28.76%；肺炎疫苗：25.45%）和认为疾病易感（流感疫苗：26.41%；肺炎疫苗：13.88%）；未接种疫苗的理由前三位分别为个人方面、疫苗本身和疫苗供应。家庭居住地为农村是影响两类疫苗接种的重要因素。子女数量>1个的家庭、家庭居住地为农村和家庭人均年收入较低与两类疫苗的接种呈负相关。结论 调查地区儿童流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗接种率较低，农村家庭、多子女家庭是扩大疫苗接种的重点关注人群。加强疫苗相关知识宣教，引导家长正确认知疫苗安全性问题，协调疫苗供应与降低疫苗价格对提高流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗接种率具有促进作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To explore the coverage of influenza and pneumonia vaccination and factors influencing the vaccination in children. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in children's parents in Beijing and Gansu by using two-stage cluster-sampling to investigate the influenza and pneumonia vaccination rates and influencing factors in children. Results A total of 2 377 parents were included in the study, and the results indicated that the influenza vaccination coverage was 35.93% and the pneumonia vaccination coverage was 16.58% in children in survey areas, the vaccination rate of both vaccines was 11.65%. The top three reasons for vaccination for both vaccines were being aware of severity of the diseases (influenza vaccine:36.02%; pneumonia vaccine:49.61%), being required by school or organization (influenza vaccine:28.76%; pneumonia vaccine:25.45%) and being aware of the susceptibility of the diseases (influenza vaccine:26.41%; pneumonia vaccine:13.88%). The top three reasons for having no vaccinations were personal unwillingness, concern about vaccine and vaccine accessibility. Families with multi children, living in rural areas and lower family income were the negative factors for both types of vaccinations. Conclusions The influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage in children need further improvement, and rural families and families with multi children are the key concern groups for expanding vaccination coverage. Health education about influenza and pneumonia vaccinations, coordinating vaccine supply and decreasing vaccine prices play an important role in improving influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage. |
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