| 陈艳梅,赵振平,张梅,张笑,李纯,于梦婷,王丽敏.中国高血压人群慢性肾脏病患病情况及影响因素研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2025,46(1):33-42 |
| 中国高血压人群慢性肾脏病患病情况及影响因素研究 |
| Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors in adults with hypertension in China |
| 收稿日期:2024-04-23 出版日期:2025-01-11 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240423-00212 |
| 中文关键词: 慢性肾脏病 高血压 影响因素 横断面研究 |
| 英文关键词: Chronic kidney disease Hypertension Influencing factors Cross-sectional study |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2021YFC2500201） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解我国高血压人群中慢性肾脏病患病现状及影响因素，为高血压患者的慢性肾脏病管理提供依据。方法 利用2018年中国慢性病及危险因素监测数据中68 829名高血压患者为研究对象，对样本进行复杂加权后，描述人群中慢性肾脏病的患病现状，采用多因素logistic回归模型探讨人群中慢性肾脏病患病的影响因素。结果 我国高血压人群慢性肾脏病的患病率为18.2%（95%CI：17.4%~19.0%），男性患病率（16.4%）低于女性（20.6%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），且患病率随年龄的增加呈上升趋势。在各年龄组人群中，18~44岁和45~59岁人群的慢性肾脏病患病率分别为10.8%和7.8%，主要分布在G1期；≥60岁人群的慢性肾脏病患病率分别为9.4%和9.7%，主要分布在G2和G3a期。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，在高血压人群中，≥60岁、女性、吸烟（当前吸/以前吸）、身体活动不足、低体重、肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常、高尿酸血症是慢性肾脏病的可能危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论 我国高血压人群较一般人群慢性肾脏病的患病率高，年龄、性别、吸烟、身体活动、糖尿病、血脂异常、高尿酸血症是高血压人群患慢性肾脏病的影响因素，应加强高血压人群的健康教育和肾功能检测，针对高危人群制定慢性肾脏病的综合防控措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and influencing factors in adults with hypertension in China and provide evidence for the management of CKD in hypertension patients. Methods The prevalence data of CKD in hypertension patients in China were collected from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2018, the data of 68 829 hypertension patients were analyzed. After complex weighting, the prevalence of CKD in the study population was compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of CKD in adults with hypertension. Results The prevalence of CKD in the hypertension patients was 18.2% (95%CI: 17.4%-19.0%) and increased with age, and the prevalence was 16.4% in men and 20.6% in women (P<0.001). In different age groups, CKD at stage G1 mainly occurred in those aged 18-44 and 45-59 years, with the prevalence of 10.8% and 7.8%, respectively, while CKD at stages G2 and G3a mainly occurred in those aged >60 years, with the prevalence of 9.4% and 9.7%. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that in the hypertension patients, being aged ≥60 years, being women, smoking (including current and ever smoking), physical inactivity, being underweight or obese, and suffering from diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were the potential risk factors for CKD (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of CKD was higher in people with hypertension than in general population in China, and age, gender, smoking status, physical activity level, and suffering from diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia or not were significant influencing factors. It is necessary to strengthen health education and kidney function testing in adults with hypertension and develop comprehensive CKD prevention and control measures targeting high-risk population. |
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