| 李响,王琪,付春迎,王仲璇,张露艺,张小宇,朱东山.济南市平阴县中老年人群社会支持与主观和客观认知功能的关联研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2025,46(2):218-225 |
| 济南市平阴县中老年人群社会支持与主观和客观认知功能的关联研究 |
| Association between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions among middle-aged and elderly population in Pingyin County, Jinan City |
| 收稿日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2025-02-14 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240812-00496 |
| 中文关键词: 社会支持 主观认知功能 客观认知功能 中老年人群 横断面研究 |
| 英文关键词: Social support Subjective cognitive function Objective cognitive function Middle-aged and elderly population Cross-sectional study |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（82273702）；山东省优秀青年科学基金项目（海外）（2022HWYQ-030）；泰山学者资助项目专项基金（tsqnz20221103） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析山东省济南市平阴县中老年人社会支持与主观和客观认知功能的关联。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，于2023年选取济南市平阴县3个镇7个村的45~70岁人群作为调查对象，开展横断面研究。利用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、主观认知下降自测量表（SCD-Q9）和蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表（MoCA-B）评估参与者的社会支持状况及主观和客观认知功能，同时利用自编问卷收集其他基本信息。运用Pearson相关分析、多重线性回归分析及多因素logistic回归模型探究社会支持与主观和客观认知功能的关系。结果 共纳入研究对象1 891人，其SSRS总分为45.52±6.99，SCD-Q9得分异常率为43.68%（826/1 891），MoCA-B得分异常率为60.02%（1 135/1 891）。SSRS总分、主观支持分、客观支持分及对支持利用度分与SCD-Q9得分间均呈负相关，与MoCA-B得分均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。SSRS总分升高（β=-0.034，95%CI：-0.051~-0.017，P<0.001）与客观支持分升高（β=-0.074，95%CI：-0.121~-0.027，P=0.002）可以使SCD-Q9的得分降低。与遇到急难情况时得到的经济支持或解决实际问题的帮助来源仅有1个者相比，有2~个（OR=0.53，95%CI：0.34~0.82）、5个（OR=0.46，95%CI：0.27~0.79）和6~7个（OR=0.42，95%CI：0.22~0.81）帮助来源者的SCD-Q9得分更可能处于正常状态。与拥有≤2个关系密切且可以得到支持和帮助的朋友者相比，有3~个（OR=0.67，95%CI：0.50~0.91）和≥6个（OR=0.72，95%CI：0.54~0.97）朋友者的MoCA-B得分更可能处于正常状态。与从不参加团体活动者相比，主动积极参加团体活动者（OR=0.59，95%CI：0.42~0.81）的MoCA-B得分更可能处于正常状态。结论 社会支持对主观和客观认知功能有保护作用，且不同社会支持状况对中老年人主观和客观认知功能的保护效应不同，提高中老年人社会支持水平有助于延缓认知功能下降进程。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the association between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions among the middle-aged and elderly population in Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province. Methods Employing a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 by selecting people aged 45-70 years from seven villages in three towns within Pingyin County, Jinan City, as survey respondents. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) were used to assess the social support and cognitive status of interviewees, and a self-developed questionnaire was used to collect other basic information. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and multifactorial logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions. Results A total of 1 891 subjects were finally included in the study, with 45.52±6.99 for the SSRS total score, an abnormal rate of 43.68% (826/1 891) for the SCD-Q9 score and an abnormal rate of 60.02% (1 135/1 891) for the MoCA-B score. The SSRS total score, subjective support score, objective support score and support utilization score were negatively correlated with SCD-Q9 scores and positively correlated with MoCA-B scores (all P<0.05). An increase in SSRS total score (β=-0.034, 95%CI: -0.051--0.017, P<0.001) and objective support score (β=-0.074, 95%CI: -0.121--0.027, P=0.002) can lower SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to those who had only 1 source of financial support or help with practical problems when experiencing an acute situation, those with 2-4 (OR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.34-0.82), 5 (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.27-0.79), or 6-7 (OR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.22-0.81) sources of help were more likely to have normal SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to individuals with ≤2 close friends who provided support and help, those with 3-5 (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.50-0.91) or ≥6 friends (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.54-0.97) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Moreover, compared to individuals who never participated in group activities, those who actively participated (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.42-0.81) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Conclusions Social support has protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions, and various social support conditions have different protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions among middle-aged and older people. Improving social support conditions for middle-aged and elderly individuals may delay the process of cognitive decline. |
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