| 刘欣惠,杨业环,郑睿敏,陈大宇,赵晓宇,沈平华,刘珺,勇正华,杨艺林,杨丽.围绝经期女性抑郁症状的分布特征及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2026,47(3):402-409 |
| 围绝经期女性抑郁症状的分布特征及影响因素分析 |
| Distribution characteristics of depression symptoms and influencing factors in perimenopausal women |
| 收稿日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2026-03-19 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250924-00675 |
| 中文关键词: 抑郁症状|围绝经期|影响因素|更年期症状 |
| 英文关键词: Depressive symptoms|Perimenopause|Influencing factors|Menopausal symptoms |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2022YFC2703801） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘欣惠 | 中国疾病预防控制中心, 北京 102206 | | | 杨业环 | 国家卫生健康委妇幼健康中心, 北京 100081 | | | 郑睿敏 | 国家卫生健康委妇幼健康中心, 北京 100081 | | | 陈大宇 | 柳州市三江侗族自治县妇幼保健院, 柳州 545500 | | | 赵晓宇 | 沈阳市妇幼保健院, 沈阳 110004 | | | 沈平华 | 无锡市惠山区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心, 无锡 214174 | | | 刘珺 | 宝鸡市渭滨区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心, 宝鸡 721000 | | | 勇正华 | 浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院, 杭州 310006 | | | 杨艺林 | 中国疾病预防控制中心, 北京 102206 | | | 杨丽 | 国家卫生健康委妇幼健康中心, 北京 100081 | yangli@ncwchnhc.org.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析围绝经期女性抑郁症状的发生情况及其影响因素。方法 数据来源于中国女性绝经状况的流行病学调查研究，于2023年9月至2024年2月在中国12个省份的13个城市共计26个区/县开展调查。研究采用自行设计的结构化问卷以及量表工具收集数据，使用χ2检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和Poisson回归来识别抑郁症状的影响因素。结果 在6 432名围绝经期女性中，1 598名（24.8%）女性有抑郁症状，其中20.1%、3.9%和0.8%为轻、中、重度抑郁症状。Poisson回归分析结果显示，与抑郁风险增加相关的因素包括高中及以上文化程度、家庭年收入为80 000～149 999元、饮食习惯为素多荤少、腰臀比较大、轻度/中重度更年期症状、睡眠质量较差；与抑郁风险降低相关的因素包括年龄、居住于城市、位于东部、东北、西部经济区域、每周进行身体活动（均P<0.05）。不同更年期症状的发生均与抑郁风险增加相关（均P<0.001）。结论 围绝经期女性抑郁症状发生情况在不同人口学特征群体中存在差异。城市和中部经济区域的抑郁风险显著高于其他区域，更年期症状和睡眠质量与抑郁症状密切相关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women and explore influencing factors from a biopsychosocial perspective. Methods Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Investigation of Menopause Status among Chinese Women conducted in 26 districts/counties in 13 prefecture-level cities across 12 provinces in China between September 2023 and February 2024. Data collection used a self-designed structured questionnaire and standardized measurement instruments. Data analysis employed the χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Poisson regression to identify factors influencing depressive symptoms. Results In 6 432 perimenopausal women, 24.8% (1 598) exhibited depressive symptoms, with 20.1%, 3.9% and 0.8% reporting mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms respectively. The results of the Poisson regression showed that the factors associated with increased depression risk included high school education or above, household income between 80 000 and 149 999 yuan, higher waist-to-hip ratio, mild or moderate-to-severe menopausal symptoms, and poorer sleep quality (all P<0.05). Factors associated with reduced depression risk included age, rural residence, eastern/northeastern /western economic region, weekly physical activity (all P<0.05). The presence of different menopausal symptoms was also associated with increased depression risk (all P<0.001). Conclusions Depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women varied across different demographic groups. The risk for depression was significantly higher in the women living in urban area and central economic regions. Menopausal symptoms and sleep quality were closely associated with depressive symptom. |
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