| 陈斌,许晶,马萍,贺妮楠,梦遥,张蕾,张俊君,余鹏博.2020-2024年陕西省涉禽环境禽流感病毒污染情况分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2026,47(3):515-519 |
| 2020-2024年陕西省涉禽环境禽流感病毒污染情况分析 |
| Analysis on avian influenza virus contamination in poultry related environment in Shaanxi Province, 2020-2024 |
| 收稿日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2026-03-19 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250901-00616 |
| 中文关键词: 禽流感|禽流感病毒|环境|流行病学特征 |
| 英文关键词: Avian influenza|Avian influenza virus|Environment|Epidemiology characteristics |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划（2024SF-YBXM-292）；陕西省卫生健康高层次人才（团队）培育计划：青年人才项目（陕卫人函〔2024〕192号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析陕西省涉禽环境禽流感病毒（AIV）污染情况，为加强区域禽流感防控提供参考依据。方法 选取2020-2024年陕西省10个地市涉禽区县范围内的相关环境（城乡活禽市场、规模养殖场、散养户集中的地区和家禽屠宰加工厂等）作为监测点，按月采集禽类粪便、笼具物表擦拭物、禽类饮用水及宰杀或摆放禽肉案板擦拭物等外环境样本，采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法进行AIV亚型检测，最后按照监测时间、地区、场所和样本类型进行描述性分析。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 陕西省2020-2024年涉禽环境的AIV阳性率为3.54%（466/13 152）。历年均有检出，呈2个阳性高峰，不同年度的阳性高峰略有不同；地区分布主要集中在陕北黄土高原区（8.10%，221/2 728）和陕南秦巴山区（3.34%，121/3 622）；AIV阳性率较高的监测场所主要为城乡活禽市场（7.50%，219/2 920）和家禽屠宰加工厂（7.19%，32/445），AIV阳性率较高的样本类型主要为宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭样本（10.95%，81/740）和清洗禽类的污水（7.39%，37/501），差异有统计学意义（P0.001）；AIV阳性样本病原谱以H9N2亚型为主（81.76%，381/466），且历年均有检出。结论 2020-2024年陕西省涉禽环境中持续存在H9N2亚型AIV污染，范围较广，陕北黄土高原区和陕南秦巴山区的城乡活禽市场和家禽屠宰加工厂为重点防控对象。在防控工作中，应持续监测涉禽环境的AIV污染情况，针对高发地区高发场所，采取积极有效的干预措施，降低人间及禽间的禽流感疫情的发生风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To analyze the contamination of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry related environment in Shaanxi Province, and provide reference for the improvement of local avian influenza prevention and control. Methods The relevant environments in 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi from 2020 to 2024 (including urban and rural live poultry markets, large-scale poultry breeding farms, areas with small-scale poultry breeding houses, and slaughter houses and processing plants, etc.), were selected as surveillance points. External environmental samples such as poultry manure, surface swabs of poultry cages, poultry drinking water, and swabs of chopping boards were collected monthly. The subtypes of AIV were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, and finally descriptive analysis was conducted according to the surveillance time, area, site and sample type. Statistical analysis was performed by using software SPSS 25.0. Results The annual average positive rate of AIV in poultry related environments was 3.54% (466/13 152) in Shaanxi from 2020 to 2024. Exhibiting two distinct positive rate peaks, with slight variation with years. AIV was mainly detected in the Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi (8.10%, 221/2 728) and the Qinba Mountain area in southern Shaanxi (3.34%, 121/3 622). The surveillance sites with relatively high positive rates included urban and rural live poultry markets (7.50%, 219/2 920) and poultry slaughtering and processing houses (7.19%, 32/445). The sample types with relatively high positive rates included swabs of chopping boards (10.95%, 81/740) and poultry cleaning wastewater (7.39%, 37/501), the differences were significant (P0.001). In the positive samples, H9N2 virus was detected in all years, indicating that it was the most common subtype (81.76%, 381/466). Conclusions From 2020 to 2024, the contamination of H9N2 AIV existed widely in poultry related environments in Shaanxi. The urban and rural live poultry markets and poultry slaughtering and processing houses in the Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi and the southern Qinba Mountain area in southern Shaanxi were the key places for the prevention and control avian influenza. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for the contamination of AIV in the poultry related environments. In the areas with high incidences, active and effective intervention measures should be taken in the places at high risk to reduce the risk of avian influenza outbreaks in humans and poultry. |
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