| 丰骏杰,张金,戚商阳芷,巫舒君,杨存军,方挺,林城斌.食管癌非传统危险因素的流行病学研究进展[J].中华流行病学杂志,2026,47(3):569-576 |
| 食管癌非传统危险因素的流行病学研究进展 |
| Progress in epidemiological research of non-traditional risk factors for esophageal cancer |
| 收稿日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2026-03-19 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250623-00421 |
| 中文关键词: 食管癌|非传统危险因素|流行病学|研究进展 |
| 英文关键词: Esophageal cancer|Non-traditional risk factors|Epidemiology|Research progress |
| 基金项目:宁波市胸部恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心（2021L002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 食管癌作为全球高负担恶性肿瘤，传统危险因素的研究已趋于饱和，难以充分解释其发病率的区域异质性与分子机制多样性。传统研究一方面过度关注单一因素的独立效应，忽视多因素协同作用对食管癌亚型的影响；另一方面，其暴露评估方法难以量化微量营养素缺乏、区域性环境污染物暴露等潜在风险的实际生物剂量。随着多组学技术（暴露组学、基因组学等）的发展，逐渐揭示出一类尚未被国际癌症研究机构正式列为食管癌危险因素，但在近十年内显示出潜在致癌机制或人群关联性的食管癌非传统危险因素（如口腔微生物失调、全氟和多氟烷基化合物暴露、昼夜节律紊乱等），本文系统综述其流行病学研究进展，为实现食管癌精准防控提供新视角。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Esophageal cancer is a malignancy to cause heavy global disease burden, the research of traditional risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol use, can not fully explain the heterogeneity of region specific incidence and molecular diversity of esophageal cancer. Traditional risk factor research usually focus on isolated effects of individual factor, neglecting interaction of multi factors on subtypes of esophageal cancer, and the exposure assessment of traditional risk factor research can not quantify the actual biological doses of potential risk factors, such as micronutrient deficiency and region-specific environmental pollutant exposure. Advancements in multi-omics technologies (including exposomics and genomics) have identified emerging risk factors, which have not been formally classified as established risk factors for esophageal cancer by International Agency for Research on Cancer, but revealed the non-traditional risk factors (potential carcinogenic mechanisms or population-level associations) of esophageal cancer in the past decade, including oral microorganism dysbiosis, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposures, and circadian disruption. This paper systematically summarizes the progress in epidemiological research of these factors to provide novel perspectives for the precise prevention and control of esophageal cancer. |
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