2006-2021年我国水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征

王苗苗; 胡跃华; 尤美莹; 陈欣梅; 王天奇; 刘欣雨; 徐成东; 姜卓君; 李旭东; 殷大鹏

Abstract

王苗苗,胡跃华,尤美莹,陈欣梅,王天奇,刘欣雨,徐成东,姜卓君,李旭东,殷大鹏.2006-2021年我国水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2023,44(12):1893-1898

2006-2021年我国水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergency events of varicella in China， 2006-2021

Received:April 11, 2023

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230411-00225

KeyWord: 水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征

English Key Word: Varicella Public health emergency events Epidemiological characteristics

FundProject:北京市自然科学基金（L202008）；国家重大科学研究计划（2012CB955500，2012CB955504）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Wang Miaomiao	Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Hu Yuehua	Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
You Meiying	Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Chen Xinmei	State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Wang Tianqi	Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Liu Xinyu	Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Xu Chengdong	State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Jiang Zhuojun	Training and Outreach Division, National Center for Mental Health, Beijing 100029, China
Li Xudong	Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China	lixd@chinacdc.cn
Yin Dapeng	Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou 570203, China	yindapeng@hainan.gov.cn

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Abstract:

目的了解我国2006-2021年水痘突发公共卫生事件（PHEE）的流行病学特征和相关的疫情处置。方法整理2006-2021年通过突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统上报的全国31个省份水痘PHEE数据，运用Excel 2019和SPSS 26.0软件对水痘PHEE的时间、地区、场所分布、疫情规模和处置等进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2006-2021年全国共报告水痘PHEE为11 443起，涉及病例341 048例，历年罹患率在1.78%~3.80%之间，总罹患率为2.33%（341 048/14 624 042）。水痘PHEE报告起数及涉及病例从2007年的1 107起共35 349例下降至2012年的262起共6 884例（Z=-2.40，P<0.001），随后逐年上升至2019年的1 318起共42 649例（Z=2.58，P<0.001），2020年又出现明显下降。水痘PHEE具有明显的季节特征，高峰分别为4-6月和10-12月，东部地区的次高峰较中、西部一般提前1~2个月出现。水痘PHEE报告集中在东部地区，而中、西部地区罹患率较高。学校报告的水痘PHEE占总报告数的88.26%（10 099/11 443）。水痘PHEE各年的疫情规模均以10~29例为主。水痘PHEE的平均病例数、平均持续时间与平均报告时差M（Q₁，Q₃）分别为23（16，35）例、20（14，26）d和9（5，19）d，平均持续时间和报告时差呈正相关（r=0.854，P<0.001）。结论 2006- 2021年我国水痘PHEE未得到有效控制，学校是水痘PHEE的重点防控场所，提升对水痘PHEE监测的敏感度，加强对疫情的及时处置，推广水痘疫苗接种是水痘PHEE的有效防控措施。

English Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergency events (PHEE) of varicella in China from 2006 to 2021 and related response performances. Methods The data of varicella PHEE in 31 provinces of China from 2006 to 2021 were collected through the Public Health Emergency Management Information System, Microsoft Excel 2019 software and SPSS 26.0 statistical software were used to conduct descriptive epidemiological, statistical analysis on the time, area, location distribution, scale and epidemic management. Results A total of 11 443 PHEE involving 341 048 related cases were reported from 2006 to 2021, with an annual attack rate of 1.78%-3.80% and a total attack rate of 2.33% (341 048/14 624 042). The number of PHEE and related cases of varicella decreased from 1 107 (35 349) in 2007 to 262 (6 884) in 2012 (Z=-2.40, P<0.001), then increased year by year to 1 318 (42 649) in 2019 (Z=2.58, P<0.001), with a significant decline since 2020. The varicella PHEE in China presents the seasonal characteristics,the peak is from April to June and from October to December, respectively. The sub-peak of varicella PHEE in eastern China generally appears 1-2 months earlier than in central and western China. Varicella PHEE reports are mainly distributed in eastern China, the attack rate is relatively high in western China, school-reported varicella PHEE was 88.26% of the total reports (10 099/11 443). The epidemic scale of varrcella PHEE typically range from 10 to 29 cases per year among the given outbreaks. The M(Q₁, Q₃) of average number of cases, average duration, and average reporting interval of PHEE were 23 (16,35), 20 (14, 26) days, and 9 (5,19) days, respectively, and the reporting interval was positively correlated with the duration (r=0.854, P<0.001). Conclusions The varicella PHEE in China from 2006 to 2021 has not been effectively controlled. Schools are the key places to prevent and control varicella PHEE. Improving the sensitivity of varicella PHEE monitoring, strengthening the timely disposal of varicella epidemic, and promoting varicella vaccination are effective measures to prevent and control varicella PHEE.

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