中国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行现况及影响因素分析

琚腊红; 赵丽云; 魏潇琪; 房红芸; 李佳玺; 伍星星; 许晓丽; 蔡姝雅; 公维一; 于冬梅

Abstract

琚腊红,赵丽云,魏潇琪,房红芸,李佳玺,伍星星,许晓丽,蔡姝雅,公维一,于冬梅.中国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行现况及影响因素分析[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2024,45(6):817-823

中国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors on food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China

Received:December 01, 2023

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20231201-00329

KeyWord: 食物过敏儿童患病率

English Key Word: Food allergy Children Prevalence

FundProject:国家重大公共卫生服务项目；中国营养学会营养科研基金-海普诺凯母婴营养科研专项基金（CNS-HPNK2022-40）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Ju Lahong	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China National Health Commision Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Beijing 100050, China
Zhao Liyun	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China National Health Commision Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Beijing 100050, China
Wei Xiaoqi	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Fang Hongyun	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China National Health Commision Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Beijing 100050, China
Li Jiaxi	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Wu Xingxing	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Xu Xiaoli	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Cai Shuya	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Gong Weiyi	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Yu Dongmei	National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China National Health Commision Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Beijing 100050, China	yudm@ninh.chinacdc.cn

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Abstract:

目的描述我国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行情况，并探讨影响因素。方法数据来源于2016-2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法，在全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）抽取275个监测点开展营养健康监测。最终纳入70 107名0~5岁儿童作为研究对象。以面对面问卷调查的方式收集调查对象的人口学特征和食物过敏等相关信息。对数据经过复杂加权后计算食物过敏患病率，采用logistic回归模型分析食物过敏患病率相关的影响因素。结果 0~5岁儿童食物过敏自报患病率为4.81%，其中，0~5月龄、6~23月龄婴幼儿以及2~5岁学龄前儿童的食物过敏自报患病率分别为0.81%、4.68%和5.26%。logistic分析结果提示，6月龄至5岁、城市、西南地区、头胎、大专及以上文化程度母亲的儿童食物过敏自报患病率较高。常见的过敏食物为虾类、禽蛋类、蟹贝类、水果、奶类和鱼类，食物过敏自报患病率分别为1.55%、1.25%、0.99%、0.97%、0.87%和0.86%。过敏儿童中对单一食物过敏的比例为69.85%。结论我国0~5岁儿童的食物过敏自报患病率随着年龄的增长而上升，常见的过敏食物为虾类、蟹贝类、鱼类、禽蛋类、奶类和水果等，大部分食物过敏儿童属于单一食物过敏。

English Abstract:

Objective　To describe the prevalence of food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China and to explore related influencing factors. Methods　Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from 275 surveillance sites of the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese children and lactating mothers programs in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China in 2016-2017. A total of 70 107 participants aged 0-5 years were included in this study. The study collected information of participants' demographic characteristics and food allergies by face-to-face questionnaire. The prevalence of food allergy was analyzed, using the complex data weighting method. The logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors related to food allergy. Results　The overall prevalence of self-reported food allergy among children aged 0-5 years was 4.81%. Prevalence rates in infants aged 0-5 months, and 6-23 months and preschool children aged 2-5 years were 0.81%, 4.68% and 5.26%, respectively. The results of logistic analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between factors including children from 6 months to 5 years old, urban area, southwest area, first-born, mothers with college education or above, and the prevalence of food allergy in children. Shrimp, poultry eggs, crab shellfish, fruit, milk and fish appeared the common allergic foods in children aged 0-5 years, with prevalence rates of self-reported food allergy as 1.55%, 1.25%, 0.99%, 0.97%, 0.87% and 0.86%, respectively. The proportion of single food allergy in children with allergies was 69.85%. Conclusions　Among children aged 0-5 years, the prevalence of self-reported food allergy increases with age, in China. Foods that is prone to allergies include fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, poultry eggs, milk and fruits, etc. Most allergies were only caused by single food in children, under observation.

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