| 张北川,储全胜.同性爱与艾滋病[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(5):321-322 |
| 同性爱与艾滋病 |
| Survey on the situation of antenatal care in different regions of China, in 1971-2003 |
| 收稿日期:2005-02-01 出版日期:2014-09-15 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 孕产期保健服务 产前检查 住院分娩 |
| 英文关键词: Antenatal care Antenatal checkup Institutio nal delivery |
| 基金项目:联合国人口基金资助项目(China/UNFPA/RH/FPCPR/03/P01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 某一个体的性欲完全或主要指向同性时, 这一性现象和个体分别称同性爱(又称同性恋, homosexuality)和同性爱者(homosexual). 同性爱是性取向(性爱倾向)中的一种, 与之相近或形成对应的性取向包括双性爱(bisexuality)、异性爱. 能导致艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS), 有时亦指HIV感染者/艾滋病患者流行的同性性行为, 限于男男性行为(HIV经女女间性行为传播的概率极低, 因此常被忽略). 20世纪80年代国际医学界一般认为男男性行为或男男性关系/性接触引起的HIV流行基本限于男同性爱(male homosexuals, gay)人群, 后来确认流行还发生在双性爱男子(我国学术界通常把该人群直接笼统地划入gay人群)、有变性欲望但尚未行变性手术的男子(male transsexual), 以及相当部分异性爱男子. 这一现实导致了新概念男男性接触者(men who have sex with men, MSM, 又称男同性性行为者)的产生. |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To comprehensively understand the situation of antenatal care in the last thirty years and to identify the existing problems and challenges.Methods PPS me thod was used to select those women under study and face to face interview w as carried out at the house.Results The quality and coverage rate of antenatal care as well as the rate of hospital deliv ery had been co ntinuously increasing over time and the coverage rate of antenatal checkup had increased from 38.7% in 1970s to 95 .9 %, while the institutional delivery rose from 20.1 % to 87 .4 % in the last three years.However,problems and challenges were found refering to the of delay first antenatal care, inadequate timing and with incomplete contents.Only 71.7% of the pregnant women had received first checkup during the first three months .64.1% of the women received 5 times or mo re of the checkups w hile only 29 .1% of the w omen had received all the 7 basic checkup items.Rate of hospital deliv ery was unsatisfactory that most (79.5%)of the women had the delivery not in the hospitals when under the assistance of midwife/village doctors .Indicators showed that the worst was in the w ester n regions.Conclusion Great pro gress had been made in the field of antenatal care in last thirty yeats in China .The coverage rate of antenatal checkup and institutional delivery had been improved.But the quality of antenatal care should be further improved,especially in the western regions. |
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