| 张蕾,郑晓瑛,陈功.中国1987年和2006年出生缺陷致残人群结构变化比较[J].中华流行病学杂志,2010,31(8):894-898 |
| 中国1987年和2006年出生缺陷致残人群结构变化比较 |
| Study on the changing structure of disabled population caused by birth defects in China |
| 收稿日期:2010-03-25 出版日期:2014-09-18 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 出生缺陷 致残人群 结构变迁 |
| 英文关键词: Birth defect Disabled persons Structure changing |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金"中国分区域残疾人口需求与服务利用研究"项目(09CRK007) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 对比1987、2006年中国残疾人抽样调查在残疾分类、分级标准上的差别,分析对比19年间出生缺陷致残人口结构变化.方法 利用两次全国残疾人抽样调查数据及人口分析技术调整因残疾标准差别对出生缺陷致残人口变化产生的影响,研究出生缺陷致残人口结构变化.结果 (1)2006年0～14岁组出生缺陷致残率高于1987年的0.1%,15～64岁组高于1987年的0.28%,65岁以上组高于1987年的1.15%,两个调查时点在65岁以上年龄组差异非常明显.(2)2006年(标化后)出生缺陷致残率的性别差异比1987年高0.03%;2006年出生缺陷致残人口占残疾总人口比例的性别差异比1987年低0.08%(2006年:x2=66.254,P<0.001;1987年:x2=22.895,P<0.001).(3)1987年农村地区出生缺陷致残率为0.49%,2006年(标化后)出生缺陷致残率达到0.74%,上升超过50%;其中城市地区由1987年的0.35%上升到2006年的0.50%,上升了43%.(4)2006年听力语言一级极重度出生缺陷致残所占比例比1987年下降17.35%,智力残疾比例上升了18.21%.(5)与1987年相比,2006年出生缺陷致残人口与残疾人口及总人口初、中等受教育水平之间的差距逐渐缩小.结论 中国人口年龄结构对于出生缺陷致残人口影响的变化较为显著,农村为出生缺陷致残的高发地区,重点人群为女性. |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To Compare the differences of classification and grading on disability between the TWO National Sample Surveys on Disability in 1987 and 2006, and to analyze the change of structure on disabled population with birth defects (BD). Methods Quantitative analysis had been carried out based on the investigation of two national sample surveys. Results (1)Prevalence rates of Disabilities caused by BD of 0-14, 15-64 and ≥65 age groups in 2006 were 0.1%, 0.28% and 1.15% respectively, all higher than those in 1987. There was significant difference among the age group of ≥65, between the two standard periods of survey. (2) The difference of prevalence rates on Disabilities caused by BD between males and females in 2006 was 0.03% higher than that of 1987 and the difference of proportion on Disability caused by BD between males and females in 2006 was 0.08%, which was lower than those data from the year 1987 (2006: x2=66.254,P＜0.001; 1987: x2=22.895, P＜0.001 ). (3) Prevalence rate of Disabilities caused by BD in rural area was 0.49% in 1987, and 0.74% in 2006 after standardization, which had an 50% increase during the past 19 years. Prevalence rate of Disabilities caused by BD in urban area was 0.35% in 1987 and 0.50% in 2006, which had an 43%. Increase during the past 19 years. (4) Percentage of grade 1 listen-speech disability caused by BD in 2006 deceased 17.35%, and the intelligent disability caused by BD increased 18.21% in 2006. (5) Compared with 1987, the difference of percentage on primary and higher education among disabled persons with BD disabled population and total population,became smaller in 2006. Conclusion To carry on a better study on disability, evaluation criteria of disability classification and grading standards should not only be taken into account on the continuity of the investigation, but also be better integrated with the international standards in terms of longitudinal comparison of data. Age structure of total population had a significant effect on the changing of structure on disabled persons caused by BD. Rural area was the high-risk area for disability caused by BD in China while female population should be viewed as the focus group of disability caused by BD. |
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