| 王富珍,张国民,沈立萍,刘建华,郑徽,王锋,缪宁,孙校金,梁晓峰,崔富强.中国1~4岁儿童首针乙型肝炎疫苗未及时接种者特征及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(1):32-36 |
| 中国1~4岁儿童首针乙型肝炎疫苗未及时接种者特征及影响因素分析 |
| Epidemiological characteristics of children aged 1-4 years without timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine vaccination in China, 2014 |
| 收稿日期:2016-08-19 出版日期:2017-01-12 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.01.006 |
| 中文关键词: 乙型肝炎疫苗 首针及时接种 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原 |
| 英文关键词: Hepatitis B vaccine Timely birth dose Hepatitis B surface antigen |
| 基金项目:国家科技重大专项（2012ZX10002001）；国家自然科学基金（11571272） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析中国1～4岁儿童乙型肝炎疫苗首针HepB（HepB1）未及时接种的流行病学特征和影响因素。方法 2014年在全国31个省份160个国家级疾病监测点，采用分层二阶段整群随机抽样方法，通过问卷调查1～4岁儿童的出生日期、性别、民族、出生地点、HepB接种史等，并采集静脉血3 ml进行HBsAg检测。运用SAS 9.4统计软件分析HepB免疫儿童中HepB1未及时接种者的年龄、性别、民族、城乡、地区分布及影响因素，以及HepB1不同接种时间与HBsAg流行率的关系。结果 共分析1～4岁儿童12 587人，HepB1未及时接种率为10.12%，出生地点、民族、城乡、居住地区、年龄是影响儿童HepB1未及时接种的主要因素。HepB1未及时接种率3～4岁儿童（11.13%）高于1～2岁儿童（8.97%）；农村（12.05%）高于城市（8.19%）；西部地区（13.41%）高于中部地区（9.27%），中部地区又高于东部地区（7.72%）；少数民族（18.06%）高于汉族（8.77%）；在医院外出生者（57.66%）高于在医院内出生者（9.27%）。调查1～4岁儿童HBsAg流行率为0.31%。HepB1及时接种儿童HBsAg流行率（0.25%）低于HepB1未及时接种儿童（0.89%）。结论 中国1～4岁儿童HepB免疫儿童HBsAg流行率降至0.5%以下，HepB1及时接种率达到90%。西部地区、农村、少数民族、在医院外分娩的婴儿是现阶段HepB接种的重点关注对象。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of the children aged 1-4 years without timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB1) vaccination. Methods Based on the data from 160 disease surveillance points in 31 provinces of China, two-stage cluster random sampling was used to select the target population aged 1-4 years. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the information about the birth date, gender, ethnic group, place of birth, HepB immunization history of the children selected. A blood sample (3 ml) was taken from each subject for HBsAg testing. SAS software (Version 9.4) was used in our study. We analyzed the age, gender, ethnic group, area specific distributions of the children aged 1-4 years without timely HepB1 vaccination and the influencing factors, and the relationship between the HepB1 vaccination time and HBsAg prevalence rate. Results A total of 12 587 children aged 1-4 years were analyzed and the non-timely HepB1 vaccination rate was 10.12%. The place of birth, ethnic group, urban/rural area, eastern/central/western area, age were the main influencing factor of the non-timely HepB1 vaccination. The non-timely HepB1 vaccination rate was higher in 3-4 years old children (11.13%) than in 1-2 years old children (8.97%), in rural area (12.05%) than in urban area (8.19%), in western area (13.41%) than in central area (9.27%) and eastern area (7.72%), in minority ethnic group (18.06%) than in Han ethnic group (8.77%) and in children born outside hospital (57.66%) than in children born in hospital (9.27%). The HBsAg prevalence rate among 1-4 years children was 0.31%. The HBsAg prevalence rate of the children with timely HepB1 vaccination (0.25%) was lower than that of the children without timely HepB1 vaccination (0.89%). Conclusions In China, the HBsAg prevalence rate among 1-4 years children with HepB vaccination decreased to <0.5% and the timely HepB1 vaccination rate reached to 90%. We should strengthen the timely HepB1 vaccination for the children in minority ethnic groups, in western area, in rural area as well as those born outside hospitals. |
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