| 董彦会,刘慧彬,王政和,杨忠平,徐荣彬,杨招庚,马军.中国2005-2014年7~18岁汉族儿童青少年近视现状和增长速度趋势分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(5):583-587 |
| 中国2005-2014年7~18岁汉族儿童青少年近视现状和增长速度趋势分析 |
| Prevalence of myopia and increase trend in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Han ethnic group in China, 2005-2014 |
| 收稿日期:2016-09-23 出版日期:2017-05-18 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.05.005 |
| 中文关键词: 近视 检出率 增长速度 汉族 学生 |
| 英文关键词: Myopia Detection rate Increase rate Han ethnic group Students |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解并评估2005-2014年中国7~18岁汉族儿童青少年近视检出的现状以及增长趋势，为近视的防控提供依据。方法 收集2005、2010和2014年全国学生体质与健康调研资料，选择双眼视力检测数据完整的7~18岁汉族学生作为研究对象，三次调查纳入的研究对象分别为233 108、215 319和212 743人。分析2005-2014年三次调研中我国汉族学生近视检出的现况以及变化趋势。采用曲线拟合的方法获得2005-2014年汉族学生近视增长速度模型，分析近视增速在城乡男女生之间的差异和特点。结果 2005-2014年我国7~18岁汉族学生整体近视检出率逐渐增加，分别为47.5%、55.1%和57.1%，但增速放缓。近视检出增长速度呈“抛物线”形。在青春期前增速随年龄升高，在青春期后随年龄降低。城乡男女生近视检出增长速度在青春期出现“交叉现象”，青春期前近视增长以城市学生为主，在青春期后以乡村学生为主。2005-2014年7~18岁学生近视增长速度峰值年龄不断提前，由2005年的13岁提前至2010年12岁，再到2014年的11岁，增速的峰值保持在7%左右。2005-2014年，小年龄段学生的近视检出增长速度逐渐增高，高年龄段学生增速均逐渐趋于0。结论 我国汉族儿童青少年近视的检出率较高，且存在近视增速的峰值年龄不断提前的趋势。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand and evaluate the prevalence of myopia and its trend in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Han ethnic group in China from 2005 to 2014, and provide evidence for the prevention of myopia. Methods The data of 2005, 2010 and 2014 Chinese National Students Constitution and Health Surveys were collected. The children and adolescents with complete detection data of binoculus were selected as study subjects. The sample size of three studies were 233 108, 215 319 and 212 743, respectively. The method of curve fitting was used to simulate the myopia detection increase model and analyze the gender and area specific myopia detection increase trends and characteristics from 2005 to 2014. Results The overall myopia detection rate increased gradually in the children and adolescents aged 7 to 18, which was 47.5% in 2005, 55.5% in 2010 and 57.1% in 2014, respectively. The increase slowed in 2014. A “parabola” shape of myopia detection increase rate was observed. Myopia detection rate increased with age before puberty and decreased with age after puberty gradually. A “cross phenomenon” of myopia detection increase was observed in boys and girls between urban and rural areas. The increase of myopia detection was mainly in urban students before puberty and in rural students after puberty. The age of myopia prevalence peak has become earlier constantly in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2005 to 2014, which was 13 years old in 2005, 12 years old in 2010 and 11 years old in 2014. The increase rate was about 7%. During 2005-2014, the increase rate of myopia detection gradually increased in younger students and tended to zero in older students. Conclusion The detection rate of myopia was still high in children and adolescents in China. The age of myopia prevalence peak has become earlier gradually. |
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