| 朱茜如,杨磊,马海燕,谢文倩,丛黎明,许亮文.部分突发公共卫生事件监测与现场处置关键技术遴选研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(6):789-793 |
| 部分突发公共卫生事件监测与现场处置关键技术遴选研究 |
| Screening on key techniques used for surveillance and disposal of public health emergencies |
| 收稿日期:2016-09-30 出版日期:2017-06-19 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.06.020 |
| 中文关键词: 传染病 食物中毒 医院感染 监测 现场处置 |
| 英文关键词: Infectious diseases Food poisoning Hospital infection Surveillance Site disposal |
| 基金项目:浙江省重点科技创新团队计划（2011R50021） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探索传染病、食物中毒、医院感染这三类突发公共卫生事件监测与现场处置中具有重要作用且需要完善与发展的关键技术，有效提高突发公共卫生事件监测与现场处置能力。方法 在文献研究与专家小组讨论的基础上构建传染病、食物中毒、医院感染监测与现场处置关键技术遴选框架，运用德尔菲专家咨询法以及逼近理想解排序法综合评价法，遴选三类事件监测与现场处置的关键技术。结果 构建了基于事件类别、事件处理周期、技术层次的关键技术遴选框架，选择来自公共卫生领域的26位专家进行2轮专家咨询，专家权威程度为0.796；遴选出对传染病、食物中毒、医院感染监测与现场处置具有重要意义的各10项关键技术，其中，预警制度是对三类事件均具有重要意义的关键技术，未知病原微生物检测、个人防护、基因测序与溯源、微生物分子分型和核酸检测技术是传染病与医院感染监测与现场处置均需要发展的关键技术，现场快速检测、预警预测以及数据安全与保密技术是传染病与食物中毒监测与现场处置均需要完善的关键技术。此外，传染病监测与现场处置的关键技术还包括数据交换，食物中毒监测与现场处置的关键技术还包括毒素检测等，医院感染监测与现场处置的关键技术还包括数据采集标准化等。结论 本研究通过科学的方法遴选出符合传染病、食物中毒、医院感染监测与现场处置需求的关键技术，在2轮专家咨询中，专家意见的权威程度较高，可保证遴选结果的可靠性，为关键技术的进一步研究与优先发展提供了科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To explore the key techniques used for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases, food poisoning and hospital infection to improve the ability of surveillance and disposal on public health emergency. Methods Framework on surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases, food poisoning and hospital infection was set up, based on literature review and expert group discussion. Delphi method and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution comprehensive evaluation method were used for ordering preference by similarity, to screen key techniques set for surveillance and disposal of the above said events. Results Framework to be used for selecting key techniques was designed, based on the classification of emergency events, processing cycle of emergency events and level of techniques. Twenty six public health experts were selected for a 2-round consultation, with their authority as 0.796. Ten key techniques with important significance for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases, food poisoning and hospital infection were selected from each event. Among these key techniques, the early-warning system was recognized as the key technique, important for the surveillance and disposal of all three emergency events. Items as technology used for unknown pathogenic microorganism detection, personal protection, gene sequencing and tracing technology, microorganism molecular typing technology, nucleic acid detection technology etc. were the key techniques and need to develop for the surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases and iatrogenic infection. Data regarding key technologies on security and privacy, early warning and forecasting, field rapid detection were sorted out that all in need to improve the surveillance programs on disposal of infectious diseases and food poisoning. Data exchange appeared another key technique on infectious diseases, with toxin detection and other 5 techniques the key techniques for food poisoning. Data collection, standardization and other 3 techniques appeared as the key techniques on iatrogenic infection. Conclusions Key techniques were selected in this study to meet the requirements of surveillance, disposal of infectious disease, food poisoning and iatrogenic infection. Authority of the experts got improved in the two-round consultation, ensuring the reliability of the results of screening and providing a scientific basis for the further research and priority development of the key techniques. |
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