| 阚慧,张淼,郑英杰.阴性对照法：原理、方法及应用[J].中华流行病学杂志,2020,41(4):594-598 |
| 阴性对照法：原理、方法及应用 |
| On ‘Negative control methods’: related principles, methods and applications |
| 收稿日期:2019-11-09 出版日期:2020-04-24 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20191109-00796 |
| 中文关键词: 阴性对照 结局 暴露 时期 因果关联 偏倚 |
| 英文关键词: Negative control Outcome Exposure Period Causal association Bias |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（81373065，81773490）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFC1200203） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 阴性对照法系基于 "阴性对照的实验检测结果必须阴性"的思想而建立,是人群研究多个比较组和关联特异度的进一步扩展。阴性对照不参与待研究的因果假设,但具有与研究假设相同的潜在偏倚结构。阴性对照法可分为阴性暴露对照法、阴性时期对照法和阴性结局对照法,主要用于探测和控制选择偏倚、混杂偏倚和测量偏倚,以补充样本量为辅。合理应用阴性对照法有助于提高试验法和观察法因果推断估计的准确性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Negative control methods (NCM) are developed based on the idea that negative controls should be tested with negative results. It also extends to the multiple comparison groups and used for specificity of association in population studies. Negative controls do not take part in studying the causal hypothesis but sharing the same potential bias structures. Under different purposes, NCM can be divided into methods on negative exposure, negative period or negative outcome controls. They are mainly used to detect and control bias, such as:selection bias, confounding bias and measurement bias, but leaving the sample size at secondary importance. Rational application of NCM can help improving the accuracy of causal inference in both experimental and observational processes. |
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