| 缪宁,王富珍,郑徽,张国民,尹遵栋.中国2013-2020年乙型肝炎发病情况估算和病例特征分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2021,42(9):1527-1531 |
| 中国2013-2020年乙型肝炎发病情况估算和病例特征分析 |
| Estimation of incidence of viral hepatitis B and analysis on case characteristics in China,2013-2020 |
| 收稿日期:2021-03-19 出版日期:2021-09-27 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210319-00227 |
| 中文关键词: 乙型肝炎 发病 估算 特征 |
| 英文关键词: Hepatitis B Incidence Estimate Characteristics |
| 基金项目:中国成人高危人群和社区人群乙肝疫苗优化免疫策略研究（2018ZX10721202）；中国慢性病毒性肝炎流行现状研究（2017ZX10105015）；2021年公共卫生应急反应机制的运行-计划免疫项目（131031001000200001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 为了解我国乙型肝炎（乙肝）病例的发病特征，为评估我国消除乙肝目标的实现情况，制定乙肝防控规划提供科学依据。方法 对2013-2020年我国高、中、低流行区的全国法定传染病报告系统（NNDRS）中报告的乙肝病例进行调查，分析报告的病例的诊断信息，通过报告信息和诊断信息对2013-2020年的乙肝病例发病情况进行估算。分析急性乙肝和慢性乙肝的病例特征。结果 NNDRS中共报告了27 013例病例，其中急性乙肝病例4 070例，慢性乙肝病例21 971例，未分类乙肝病例972例。报告急性乙肝病例中，诊断为急性乙肝的占69.9%（2 845/4 070），报告慢性乙肝病例中，诊断为急性乙肝的占2.1%（452/21 971），诊断为慢性乙肝的占89.0%（19 548/21 971）。通过对发病情况进行估算，2013-2020年全国估计急性乙肝发病率为4.6/10万，慢性乙肝发病率为54.5/10万。急性乙肝中以31~45岁组最多，占35.3%（1 164/3 297），≤ 15岁儿童仅占0.4%（13/3 297）。慢性乙肝中以46~60岁组最多，占34.4%（7 211/20 932）。结论 我国急性乙肝发病率逐年下降，慢性乙肝发病率有上升趋势，应进一步加强对慢性乙肝的规范化诊断和治疗，降低因慢性乙肝导致的疾病转归和死亡的发生。同时需要对NNDRS中报告的乙肝病例报告进行规范化的管理和报告，以提高乙肝病例分类报告的准确性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in China, evaluate the performance of elimination hepatitis B in China and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hepatitis B. Methods An analysis was conducted by using the data of hepatitis B cases reported to the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) from the areas with low, moderate and high hepatitis B prevalence in China from 2013 to 2020, and the information about the diagnoses of the hepatitis B cases were collected, the incidence of hepatitis B was estimated according to the reporting and diagnosis information and the characteristics of acute and chronic hepatitis B were compared. Results A total of 27 013 hepatitis B cases were reported to NNDRS, including 4 070 acute cases, 21 971 chronic cases and 972 unclassified cases. Among the reported acute hepatitis B cases, 69.9% (2 845/4 070) were confirmed. Among the reported chronic hepatitis B cases, 89.0% (19 548/21 971) were confirmed, and 2.1% (452/21 971) were confirmed as acute cases. It was estimated that the incidence of acute hepatitis B was 4.6/100 000 and the incidence of chronic hepatitis B cases was 54.5/100 000. The case number of acute hepatitis B in age group 31-45 years was highest, accounting for 35.3% (1 164/3 297). The case number of acute hepatitis B in children under 15 years old was lowest, accounting for 0.4% (13/3 297). The case number of chronic hepatitis B in age group 46-60 years was highest, accounting for 34.4% (7 211/20 932). Conclusions The incidence of acute hepatitis B was in decrease and the incidence of chronic of hepatitis B was in increase in China year by year. It is important to strengthen the standardized diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B to decrease the morbidity and mortality of hepatitis B. At the same time, it is necessary to standardize the management and reporting of hepatitis B cases reported to NNDRS to improve the accuracy of the reporting of hepatitis B. |
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