比例和率：概念内涵及其识别路线

李亚欣; 牟育彤; 黄卓英; 周晓钰; 郭阳; 孙晓冬; 郑英杰

文章摘要

李亚欣,牟育彤,黄卓英,周晓钰,郭阳,孙晓冬,郑英杰.比例和率：概念内涵及其识别路线[J].中华流行病学杂志,2022,43(1):105-111

比例和率：概念内涵及其识别路线

Proportion and rate: connotation and understanding route

收稿日期:2021-04-12 出版日期:2022-01-26

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210412-00307

中文关键词: 事件比例率时点时期

英文关键词: Event Proportion Rate Time-point Time-period

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81373065, 81773490, 82173582)

作者	单位	E-mail
李亚欣	复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室（复旦大学）/复旦大学公共卫生学院公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室，上海 200032
牟育彤	复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室（复旦大学）/复旦大学公共卫生学院公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室，上海 200032
黄卓英	上海市疾病预防控制中心，上海 200032
周晓钰	复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室（复旦大学）/复旦大学公共卫生学院公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室，上海 200032
郭阳	北京大学深圳医院，深圳 518036
孙晓冬	上海市疾病预防控制中心，上海 200032
郑英杰	复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室（复旦大学）/复旦大学公共卫生学院公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室，上海 200032	yjzheng@fudan.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

比例和率的含义多重而交叉，这模糊了其概念的准确性。本文围绕事件的发生和状态的存在及其测量过程，首先指出了二者的计数有统一的基础——状态，提出了“时点状态累积数”的概念。基于数学上“率”的一般含义，结合指标计算元素的单位，提出了“时点状态累积数的变化量”即通常认为的“（观察期）事件发生数”或“绝对率”，并建立了相对率和比例。比例有3种类型：时点（或率型）构成比例、时期发生比例及由前二者综合而成的时期构成比例。相对率和时期比例的区别在于观察期是否被视为一个观察单位并移位，与时点比例的来源人群均为观察期起点人群。由此本文建立人群分类资料基本指标——比、比例和率统一的识别路线。这些论述同样地适用于关闭队列、固定队列或动态人群。本文旨在明确指标的内涵及可行的认识路线，供人群研究工作者参考。

英文摘要:

Proportion and rate have multiple and overlapping meanings, which blur their concepts. Based on the existence of the states and the occurrence of the events and their measuring process, we first put forward the concept of "cumulative number of states in point time". Considering the general meaning of "rate" in mathematics and the units of the elements in indexes, this paper puts forward the concept of "the change of cumulative number of states in point time", which is equal to the commonly acknowledged concept "number of incident event within observation period" or "absolute rate", and further constructs relative rate and proportion. Proportions can be classified into three types: time-point (or rate-type) constitutional proportion, time-period incidence proportion and their synthesis, time-period constitutional proportion. The essential difference between relative rate and time-period proportions is whether the observation period is regarded as a one-unit-length fixed period which would be further moved to the description of the indexes. Furthermore, the sources populations of relative rate and proportions are exclusively those at the beginning of the observation period. Thus, we established a unified identification route about ratios, proportions, and rates, the basic indicators of categorical data in populations. These are applicable to both fixed and dynamic populations. The paper aims to clarify the connotation of the indexes and the feasible understanding route and provide some reference for the population researchers.

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