| 赵晴晴,丛舒,樊静,王宁,王文静,吴静,方利文.2019-2020年中国40岁及以上人群吸烟状况分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2023,44(5):735-742 |
| 2019-2020年中国40岁及以上人群吸烟状况分析 |
| Prevalence of smoking in adults aged 40 years and above in China, 2019-2020 |
| 收稿日期:2023-01-19 出版日期:2023-05-13 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230119-00035 |
| 中文关键词: 吸烟 烟草 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 监测 |
| 英文关键词: Cigarette smoking Tobacco Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Surveillance |
| 基金项目:中央转移支付重大公共卫生项目;国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1303905) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 描述我国≥40岁居民吸烟状况及变化，为制定慢性阻塞性肺疾病防控策略提供依据。方法 数据来源于2014-2015年和2019-2020年中国居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测。该监测覆盖我国31个省（自治区、直辖市），采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取≥40岁常住居民，以面对面询问调查方式收集调查对象的烟草使用相关信息。对样本进行复杂抽样加权后，估计2019-2020年不同特征人群的现在吸烟率、平均开始吸烟年龄以及日均吸烟量，分析2014-2015年和2019-2020年现在吸烟率和日均吸烟量的变化。结果 2019-2020年我国≥40岁居民现在吸烟率为27.2%，男性（52.1%）远高于女性（2.5%）。吸烟人群的平均开始吸烟年龄为20.0岁，男性（19.6岁）早于女性（27.9岁）。现在每日吸烟人群的日均吸烟量为18.0支，男性（18.3支）多于女性（11.1支）。与2014- 2015年监测结果比较，现在吸烟率有所下降，总人群下降2.8个百分点，男性下降4.1个百分点，女性下降1.6个百分点，城镇和乡村分别下降3.1个百分点和2.5个百分点；现在每日吸烟人群日均吸烟量减少0.6支。结论 近年来，我国≥40岁人群的现在吸烟率和日均吸烟量有所下降，但仍有超过四分之一的人群及一半以上男性现在吸烟。应结合人群和地域特征，研究实施针对性的控烟措施以进一步降低人群吸烟水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the prevalence of smoking and its change in adults aged ≥40 years in China and provide evidence for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of this study were obtained from COPD surveillance in China during 2014-2015 and during 2019-2020. The surveillance covered 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling were used to select residents aged ≥40 years, and face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect the information about their tobacco use. After complex sampling weighting of the samples, the current smoking rate, average age to start smoking and average daily cigarette consumption of people with different characteristics during 2019-2020 were estimated, and the changes in the current smoking rate and average daily cigarette consumption were analyzed from 2014-2015 to 2019-2020. Results During 2019-2020, the current smoking rate in adults aged ≥40 years was 27.2%, and the rate was much higher in men (52.1%) than in women (2.5%).The average age of the smokers to start smoking was 20.0 years old, and men usually started smoking at younger age (19.6 years) compared with women (27.9 years). The average daily cigarette consumption of daily smokers was 18.0 sticks, and the consumption of men (18.3 cigarettes) was higher than that of women (11.1 cigarettes). Compared with the surveillance results during 2014-2015, the current smoking rate had decreased by 2.8 percentage points in the general population, 4.1 percentage points in males, 1.6 percentage points in females, and the urban and rural areas fell by 3.1 percentage points and 2.5 percentage points, respectively. The average daily cigarette consumption decreased by 0.6 sticks. Conclusions In recent years, the current smoking rate and average daily cigarette consumption in adults aged ≥40 years decreased in China, but smoking is still common in more than quarter of this population and more than half of men aged ≥40 years. It is necessary to take targeted tobacco control measures based on population and regional characteristics to further reduce the smoking level of the population. |
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