| 左锟澜,蒋涛,吴宗震,国原源,刘欢.基于人为因素实验室获得性感染风险与生物安全应对策略[J].中华流行病学杂志,2023,44(8):1309-1315 |
| 基于人为因素实验室获得性感染风险与生物安全应对策略 |
| Biosafety risk of laboratory-acquired infection and countermeasures based on human factors |
| 收稿日期:2023-02-14 出版日期:2023-08-18 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230214-00075 |
| 中文关键词: 实验室获得性感染 人为因素 风险 生物安全 |
| 英文关键词: Laboratory-acquired infection Human factors Risk Biosafety |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2018YFA0902400）；中国科学院高质量数据池和数据产品服务体系建设（2019WQZX012）；中国疾病预防控制中心总体国家安全观下病原微生物实验室生物安全史研究（BB2110240075） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 病原微生物实验室生物安全通常强调使用保护设备、程序和操作规范来保护人员和环境免受潜在危险生物材料的影响。实验室获得性感染是实验室人员安全的主要威胁,会导致疾病、残疾甚至死亡;病原微生物还可能被携带到周围环境,造成社区感染,应当受到重视。研究分析实验室获得性感染案例有助于了解暴露发生的原因,明确暴露后预防和应对措施的潜在风险,进而维护生物安全。随着设备和基础设施的优化,人为因素所导致的实验室获得性感染趋于增加。与气溶胶化和液滴飞溅、锐器材料有关的实验室活动、执行工作人员的生物安全素质能力、实验室设施和管理4种主要因素密切相关。本研究从导致实验室获得性感染的人为因素出发,探讨病原微生物实验室的生物安全风险,回顾实验室生物安全的发展演变,以及目前对实验人员的保护措施,并据此提出应对策略和建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biosafety of pathogenic microbiology laboratories generally highlights the use of protective equipment, procedures, and operating practices to protect personnel and the environment from potentially hazardous biological materials. Under the current complex situation where traditional and non-traditional biosafety issues coexist, laboratory-acquired infection (LAI) of pathogenic microorganisms may cause illness, disability and even death. Pathogenic microorganisms may also be carried to the surrounding environment, causing community infection, which should be taken seriously. Analysis of LAI cases helps to understand the causes of exposure and learn lessons from post-exposure prophylaxis to be prepared and even prevent problems before they happen. Human factors cause most LAIs, laboratory activities related to aerosolization, laboratory activities related to sharps materials, low ability of personnel performing the work, and deficiencies in laboratory facilities or management are the four main factors. This study focuses on the human factors that lead to LAI, combined with confirmed cases, discusses the biosafety risks of pathogenic microorganism laboratories, reviews the development and evolution of biosafety laboratories and the current protection measures for experimenters, and accordingly puts forward countermeasures and suggestions. |
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