| 杨萱,孙燕,霍玉奇,刘金瑾,张晓华,赵淑娴,赵清霞,张雪,王艳,陈昭云.河南省抗病毒治疗失败的艾滋病患者耐药特征[J].中华流行病学杂志,2023,44(11):1795-1801 |
| 河南省抗病毒治疗失败的艾滋病患者耐药特征 |
| Characteristics of drug resistance in HIV/AIDS patients with antiretroviral treatment failure in Henan Province |
| 收稿日期:2023-05-05 出版日期:2023-11-17 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230505-00279 |
| 中文关键词: 艾滋病病毒 抗病毒治疗失败 基因型耐药 耐药特征 |
| 英文关键词: HIV Antiretroviral treatment failure Genotypic drug resistance Characteristics of drug resistance |
| 基金项目:河南省医学科技攻关省部共建项目（SB201903030）；2023年河南省重点研发与推广专项（232102311081） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 杨萱 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 孙燕 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 霍玉奇 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 刘金瑾 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 张晓华 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 赵淑娴 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 赵清霞 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 张雪 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 王艳 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | | | 陈昭云 | 郑州市第六人民医院, 郑州 450015 | chenzhaoyun@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 对河南省艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗（ART）失败后的基因型耐药检测，分析ART失败的耐药特征。方法 研究对象为2018年1月至2021年5月河南省18个城市接受ART时间≥6个月且病毒载量≥1 000拷贝数/ml艾滋病患者，收集艾滋病患者血液样本、社会人口学特征和ART信息。采用In-house方法进行HIV-1基因型耐药检测，将基因序列提交到美国斯坦福HIV-1耐药数据库分析耐药突变位点和药物耐药情况。结果 在887例ART失败的艾滋病患者中，样本成功扩增率为91.54%（812/887），总耐药率为83.25%（676/812），其中核苷类反转录酶抑制剂（NRTIs）、非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）、蛋白酶抑制剂（PIs）和整合酶抑制剂（INSTIs）的耐药率分别为73.40%（596/812）、80.54%（654/812）、5.54%（45/812）和2.56%（17/663），4类药物的耐药率差异有统计学意义（χ2=1 686.34，P<0.001），对2类药物同时耐药率为66.38%（539/812），对3类药物同时耐药率为5.79%（47/812）。共检出9个HIV-1基因亚型，以B亚型为主（59.61%，484/812），其次是CRF01_AE亚型（22.17%，180/812）和CRF07_BC亚型（9.48%，77/812），不同基因亚型的耐药率差异有统计学意义（χ2=21.33，P=0.001）。NRTIs相关突变位点中，M184V/I突变率最高（63.42%，515/812），其次是K65R（27.46%，223/812）；NNRTIs相关突变位点中，突变率位居前3位的是K103N/S（34.98%，284/812）、G190A/S（26.11%，212/812）和V106M/I（24.63%，200/812）；PIs相关突变位点中，突变率位居前3位的是M46I（4.31%，35/812）、V82A/F（3.82%，31/812）和I54V/MV（3.69%，30/812）；INSTIs相关突变位点中，E157Q/EQ突变率最高（3.47%，23/663），其次是R263K和G140A（均为0.75%，5/663）。在NRTIs中，拉米夫定和恩曲他滨以高度耐药为主（65.52%，532/812）；在NNRTIs中，奈韦拉平（77.46%，629/812）和依非韦伦（71.18%，578/812）以高度耐药为主；在PIs中，洛匹那韦/利托那韦中/高度耐药占比仅为4.19%（34/812）；在INSTIs中，艾维雷韦和拉替拉韦中、高度耐药分别占1.66%（11/663）和1.21%（8/663），未发现比克替拉韦和多替拉韦的高度耐药。结论 河南省艾滋病患者ART失败的耐药率高，表现以NRTIs和NNRTIs耐药率高、耐药突变多样且复杂为特点。建议选择高耐药屏障药物，同时加强ART后病毒载量和耐药监测。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To analyze the drug resistance characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients in Henan Province with antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure through the genotypic drug resistance detection. Methods Blood samples were collected from HIV/AIDS patients who received ART for more than 6 months with viral loads ≥ 1 000 copies/ml in 18 cities of Henan from January 2018 to May 2021. The genotypic drug resistance detection was conducted by using an In-house drug resistance detection method. The drug resistance mutation (DRM) and antiretroviral susceptibility were analyzed by submitting the determined sequences to the Stanford HIV-1 drug resistance database. The information about patients' demographic characteristics and antiviral treatment data were collected. Results A total of 887 HIV/AIDS patients with ART failure, 812 sequences were successfully amplified with the success rate of 91.54%. In the 812 patients, 676 were drug resistant (83.25%, 676/812). The drug resistance ratesto nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) were 73.40% (596/812), 80.54% (654/812), 5.54% (45/812), and 2.56% (17/663), respectively. There were significant differences in drug resistance rates among four types of drugs (χ2=1 686.34, P<0.001). The drug resistance rate to two drugs was 66.38% (539/812), and the drug resistance rate to three drugs was 5.79% (47/812). A total of 9 subtypes of HIV-1were detected, in which subtype B accounted for 59.61%(484/812), followed by subtype CRF01_AE (22.17%, 180/812) and subtype CRF07_BC (9.48%, 77/812). There were significant differences in drug resistance rate among different subtypes (χ2=21.33, P=0.001). Among NRTIs related mutation sites, the DRM rate of M184V/I was highest (63.42%, 515/812), followed by K65R (27.46%, 223/812). The top three DRM rates were detected for K103N/S (34.98%, 284/812), G190A/S (26.11%, 212/812) and V106M/I (24.63%, 200/812) among NNRTIs related mutation sites, and M46I (4.31%, 35/812), V82A/F (3.82%, 31/812), and I54V/MV (3.69%, 30/812) among PIs related mutation sites. While among INSTIs related mutation sites, E157Q/EQ had the highest DRM rate (3.47%, 23/663), followed by R263K (0.75%, 5/663) and G140A (0.75%, 5/663). The resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine of NRTIs was at high-level (65.52%, 532/812), and the resistance to nevirapine (77.46%, 629/812) and efavirenz (71.18%, 578/812) of NNRTIs was also at high-level. The medium/high-level resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir of PIs was only 4.19% (34/812), the medium/high-level resistance to elvitegravir and raltegravir of INSTIs was 1.66% (11/663) and 1.21% (8/663), respectively, and no high-level resistance to bictegravir or dolutegravir was found. Conclusions The drug resistance in HIV/AIDS patients with ART failure was high in Henan, characterized by high drug resistance rates to NRTIs and NNRTIs, and diverse and complex resistance mutations. So high resistance barrier ART-regimens were recommended, and the viral load monitoring and drug resistance testing after ART should be strengthened. |
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