| 王哲,林胜红,刘新荣,于爱枝,木合塔·艾山,杰恩斯·巴衣到列提,李瑞卿,梁新望,侯碧桥,王艺菲,刘才兄,张翠红,王丽萍.我国布鲁氏菌病重点地区高风险职业人群个人防护用品使用及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2024,45(3):379-384 |
| 我国布鲁氏菌病重点地区高风险职业人群个人防护用品使用及影响因素分析 |
| Analysis on personal protection in occupational population at high risk for brucellosis and influencing factor in China |
| 收稿日期:2023-09-11 出版日期:2024-03-21 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230911-00147 |
| 中文关键词: 布鲁氏菌病 高风险职业人群 个人防护用品 规范使用 健康教育 |
| 英文关键词: Brucellosis High-risk population Personal protective equipment Standardized utilization Health education |
| 基金项目:国家科技重大专项（2018ZX10713001-001） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王哲 | 杭州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制所, 杭州 310021 | | | 林胜红 | 微生物流行病研究所病原与生物安全国家重点实验室, 北京 100071 | | | 刘新荣 | 大同市疾病预防控制中心, 大同 037056 | | | 于爱枝 | 霍城县疾病预防控制中心, 伊犁 835299 | | | 木合塔·艾山 | 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心, 乌鲁木齐 830002 | | | 杰恩斯·巴衣到列提 | 伊犁哈萨克自治州疾病预防控制中心, 伊犁 835099 | | | 李瑞卿 | 大同市阳高县疾病预防控制中心, 大同 038199 | | | 梁新望 | 大同市左云县疾病预防控制中心, 大同 037599 | | | 侯碧桥 | 大同市浑源县疾病预防控制中心, 大同 037499 | | | 王艺菲 | 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处/传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室, 北京 102206 | | | 刘才兄 | 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处/传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室, 北京 102206 | | | 张翠红 | 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处/传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室, 北京 102206 | | | 王丽萍 | 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处/传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室, 北京 102206 | wanglp@chinacdc.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解我国布鲁氏菌病（布病）高风险职业人群个人防护行为现状，为评估我国布病防治计划实施效果提供科学依据。方法 选择山西省和新疆维吾尔自治区的4个县，采用横断面调查方法，于2019年12月至2020年7月对布病高风险职业人群开展问卷调查。结果 共调查高风险职业人群2 384人，个人防护用品规范使用率为20.13%（480/2 384），手套、口罩、胶鞋和工作服4种主要个人防护用品的使用率分别为38.26%（912/2 384）、31.80%（758/2 384）、32.01%（763/2 384）和30.87%（736/2 384）。不同年龄、职业、文化程度、地区的人群不同防护用品的使用率和规范使用率的差异有统计学意义（均P<0.001），≥60岁、女性、农民、文化程度较低的人群各种防护用品的使用率和规范使用率均较低。多因素分析结果显示，职业和地区是布病个人防护用品规范使用的影响因素，牧民和兽医的个人防护用品规范使用率更高；阳高县和霍城县的高风险职业人群的个人防护用品规范使用率明显高于左云县和浑源县。结论 我国布病重点地区高风险职业人群4种主要个人防护用品使用率均不高，规范使用率低，不同地区差异很大，与防治计划目标差距较大，亟需向高风险职业人群发放防护用品，并开展易于接受的个人防护使用的宣教活动，加强各地经验交流和沟通。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the current status of personal protection in occupational population at high risk for brucellosis in China and provide evidence for the evaluation of implementation of National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan (2016-2020). Methods Four counties in Shanxi Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey in occupational population at high risk for brucellosis from December 2019 to July 2020 by using cross-sectional survey methods. Results A total of 2 384 persons at high risk for brucellosis were surveyed, and the standardized utilization rate of personal protective equipment (PPE) was 20.13% (480/2 384). The utilization rate of glove, mask, rubber shoe, and work cloth were 38.26% (912/2 384), 31.80% (758/2 384), 32.01% (763/2 384) and 30.87% (736/2 384),respectively. There were significant differences in the utilization rate and standardized utilization rate of the four types of PPE among populations in different age, occupation, educational level and area groups (all P<0.001). The utilization rate and standardized utilization rate of PPE were lower in people over 60 years old, women, farmers, and those with lower educational level. The results of multivariate analysis showed that occupation and area were the influencing factors for the standardized utilization of PPE, the standardized utilization rates of PPE were higher in herdsmen and veterinarians. The standardized utilization rate of PPE in Yanggao County and Huocheng County was significantly higher than that in Zuoyun County and Hunyuan County. Conclusions The utilization rate of the four types of PPE in occupational population at high risk for brucellosis was not high in China, and the standardized utilization rate was low, lower than the requirement in National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan, and there were significant differences among different areas. It is urgent to distribute PPE to occupational population at high risk for brucellosis and carry out health education about PPE utilization. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen information exchange or sharing among different areas. |
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