| 张驭涛,蒋绍锋,郎楠,周静,张宏顺.2016-2022年中国急性中毒病例流行病学特征及毒物类型构成分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2024,45(10):1376-1382 |
| 2016-2022年中国急性中毒病例流行病学特征及毒物类型构成分析 |
| Epidemiological characteristics and toxicant type of acute poisoning cases in China, 2016-2022 |
| 收稿日期:2024-05-07 出版日期:2024-10-22 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240507-00240 |
| 中文关键词: 中毒 急性疾病 监测 流行病学 |
| 英文关键词: Poisoning Acute disease Monitoring Epidemiology |
| 基金项目:中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所青年科技基金（2023ZD03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析中国急性中毒就诊人群的流行现状，为制定急性中毒预防控制策略提供依据。方法 对2016-2022年突发中毒事件卫生应急信息平台收集的急性中毒病例进行回顾性分析，按照中毒发生时间分布、地区分布、人群分布、毒物种类、中毒原因与转归进行分组，采用Excel 2016、R 4.2.3软件对数据进行整理分析。结果 本研究共纳入急性中毒病例95 754例。主要毒物类型为农药、药物和工业/日用化学品，分别占总病例数的30.4%、22.4%、20.4%。急性中毒全年均有发生，以6-8月发生最多，占中毒病例总数的31.9%。不同毒物类型季节分布有所差异。除植物中毒发生呈双峰分布外，其余毒物类型均呈单峰分布。其中，真菌中毒有较强的季节性，发生高峰月份为7月，动物中毒有明显的季节性，发生高峰月份为8月。西南地区有毒生物中毒（包括动物、植物、真菌）比例均高于其他地区。中毒人群中女性多于男性，文化程度以初中及以下为主（35.2%）。职业以农民为主（34.2%），急性中毒的主要原因为意外和自杀。急性中毒病死率为1.24%，病死率居首位的毒物类型为农药中毒，病死率居前三位的毒物为虫螨腈（11.68%）、敌草快（7.23%）和百草枯（7.05%）。结论 急性中毒的发生有明显的季节趋势，不同地区、不同人群的毒物谱存在差异，健全的中毒监测体系可以更好地了解中毒发生情况，为制定更科学精准的中毒防控策略提供依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To analyze the acute poison epidemic and provide evidence for developing prevention and control strategies for acute poisoning. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on acute poisoning cases collected from 2016 to 2022 in a health emergency information platform for acute poisoning accidents. The cases were grouped according to the distribution of poisoning occurrence time, geographic distribution, demographic distribution, types of toxicants, poisoning causes, and outcomes. Data were organized and analyzed using Excel 2016 and R 4.2.3. Results A total of 95 754 acute poisoning cases were included in this study. The primary toxicants were pesticides, drugs, and industrial/household chemicals, accounting for 30.4%, 22.4%, and 20.4% of the total cases, respectively. Acute poisoning occurred throughout the year, with the highest frequency from June to August, accounting for 31.9%. The seasonal distribution varied among different types of toxicants. Except for plant poisoning, which showed a bimodal distribution, the other poisonings showed an unimodal distribution. There was a strong seasonality in fungal poisoning, which peaked in July. There was an obvious seasonality in animal poisoning, with a peak in August. The proportion of biological poisonings in the southwest region was higher than in other regions, including plants, animals, and fungi. There were more females than males, and their education level was mainly junior high school and below (35.2%). The main occupation was farmers (34.2%), and the main causes of poisoning were accidents and suicides. The case fatality rate of all poisoning cases was 1.24%. Pesticide poisoning was the most common type, and chlorfenapyr (11.68%), Diquat (7.23%), and paraquat (7.05%) ranked as the top three toxicants. Conclusions The occurrence of acute poisoning has an obvious seasonal trend, and the toxicant spectrum of different regions and populations is different. A comprehensive poisoning surveillance system can provide a better understanding of the occurrence of poisonings, and facilitate the formulation of more scientifically precise poisoning prevention and control strategies. |
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