| 曾宪嘉,杨功焕,廖苏苏,陈爱平,谭健,黄正京,李辉,张孔来.中国城乡112个疾病监测点乙型肝炎疫苗接种率、免疫策略及费用调查[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,1998,19(5):277-281 |
| 中国城乡112个疾病监测点乙型肝炎疫苗接种率、免疫策略及费用调查 |
| A Study on the Coverage, Strategy and Cost of Hepatitis B Vaccination in China |
| Received:December 12, 1997 Revised:December 28, 1997 |
| DOI： |
| KeyWord: 乙型肝炎疫苗 接种率 免疫策略 |
| English Key Word: Hepatitis Bvaccine Coverage rate Immunization strategy |
| FundProject:美国中华医学基金会资助项目 (CMBGrantNo.93-582) |
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| Abstract: |
| 为了解我国乙型肝炎(乙肝 )疫苗接种率、免疫策略以及接种费用的现况,采用二阶段固定样本随机抽样入户调查方法,于 1996年对全国 2 5个省、市、自治区 112个疾病监测点进行调查。结果表明,1993年至 1994年城市监测点新生儿接种率为 96.9%,显著高于农村监测点的 50.8% ;1994年城市点 7～ 9岁学龄儿童接种率为 85.8%,显著高于农村点的 31.5%。至1994年,97.5%和 73.9%的城乡区县卫生防疫站已将新生儿乙肝疫苗接种纳入计划免疫管理 ;92.5%和 4 3.5%的城乡点产前对全部或部分孕妇筛查HBeAg和HBsAg。母亲双阳性新生儿免疫方案多种多样,约半数加用高价免疫球蛋白实施联合免疫,双阴性及不做筛查的地区主要以 10 μg×3方案进行免疫。部分农村点新生儿接种率较低,主要原因可能与疫苗分配不当有关,接种费用过高及疫苗订购量不足也有一定关系。孕妇乙肝感染标记筛查质量有必要进行评价。上述表明,我国乙肝疫苗免疫已取得显著的阶段性成果。 |
| English Abstract: |
| To understand the coverage,strategy and cost of hepatitis B(HB)v accination of China in recent y ears,a randomized two-stage household sampling survey w as carried out at 112 Disease Surveillance Points(DSPs)from 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 1996.Results showed that the rates of HB vaccination coverage among neonates were 96.9 % in the urban DSPs and 50.8 % in the rural DSPs in 1993-1994, w hile in 7-9 year-old students both rates were 85.8 % and 31.5% in 1994, respectively.Up to 1994, 97.5% of the urban DSPs and 73.9 % of the rural DSP s had a neonates vaccination against HB prog ram integrated with routine EPI.Some of the DSPs had a lower neo nates coverage due to insufficient amountad unreasonable distribution of the vaccine (used for adults) and high cost.It seems necessary to evaluate the ma ternal prescreening program regarding the quality of serological testing to HBVMs. Remarkable achievements have been made in terms of strategy development and planning on HB immunization in China. |
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