| 徐兴建,刘建兵,魏风华,陈伟,戴裕海,杨先祥,潘庆燊,张威,熊正安.长江中游湖区防止灌溉系统钉螺扩散新技术研究[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2002,23(2):94-98 |
| 长江中游湖区防止灌溉系统钉螺扩散新技术研究 |
| Study of a new technique on the prevention of Oncomelania hupensis snail dispersal in the irrigation schemes in middle reaches of Yangtze River |
| Received:November 20, 2001 Revised:June 29, 2012 |
| DOI： |
| KeyWord: 钉螺扩散 灌溉系统 血吸虫病 |
| English Key Word: Oncomelania hupensis snail dispersal Irrigation schemes Schistosomiasis |
| FundProject:卫生部/世界卫生组织联合研究委员会(JRMC)资助项目(212);湖北省科委“八五”重点攻关项目(912A1601) |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | XU Xingjian | Department of Epidemiology, Hubei Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Wuhan 430079, China | | LIU Jianbing | Department of Epidemiology, Hubei Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Wuhan 430079, China | | WEI Fenghua | Department of Epidemiology, Hubei Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Wuhan 430079, China | | CHEN Wei | Department of Epidemiology, Hubei Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Wuhan 430079, China | | DAI Yuhai | Department of Epidemiology, Hubei Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Wuhan 430079, China | | YANG Xianxiang | Department of Epidemiology, Hubei Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Wuhan 430079, China | | PAN Qingshen | 水利部长江水利委员会长江科学院河流研究所 | | ZHANG Wei | 水利部长江水利委员会长江科学院河流研究所 | | XIONG Zhengan | 水利部长江水利委员会长江科学院河流研究所 |
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| Abstract: |
| 目的 探索防止涵闸引水灌溉扩散钉螺新技术。方法 运用流体力学、生物学进行跨学科研究和应用及实验室和现场相结合的方法,形成钉螺水力学及新的方法学特色的技术路线。在取得表达钉螺水力生物力学特征及其运动规律、物理参数、实用公式、沉降、起动流速值域的基础上,进而运用于现场涵闸防止钉螺扩散工程的设计、兴建及效果考核。结果 经过 5年多的努力,确定了测定钉螺、螺卵重率的方法并测得钉螺的平均重率 (1.80± 0.0 1) g/cm3,螺卵的平均重率 (2.2 9±0.0 1) g/cm3 ;确立了钉螺壳形几何特征的分级法及分级标准,即按钉螺的螺体小、中、大进行了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级分级 ;获得了表达钉螺静、动水沉速及起动流速的 6个特征值 ;建立了钉螺水体沉降、起动 5类实用公式 ;观察和测定了水体钉螺的水力运动特征及值域 ;阐明了水体钉螺扩散运动机理 ;并根据基础研究的结果,研制了“沉螺池”和“中层取水”防止钉螺扩散设施,经考核该工程设施沉、阻螺率达10 0 %。结论 本研究可为大江大河防止钉螺扩散及对涵闸的改建提供理论依据和实用、有效的防螺工程模式。 |
| English Abstract: |
| Objective To explore a new technique to prevent the dispersal of Oncomelania hupensis snail through leading flood for irrigation by floodgate in irrigation schemes. Methods Hydromechanical and biological were applied and to combine laboratory experiment with the field observation to form a new multidisciplinary regarding snail biological hydraulics and technical line. Findings including characteristics of hydraulics and biomechanics and move regulation etc. Physics parameter of snails were used to design and construct as well as to exam the effect of facilities and rebuilt floodgate which could prevent the snail dispersal. Results Through five years efforts, the major achievements were found as: 1) the method in testing the special gravity of snail and snail eggs was determined. 2) the special gravity of snail was (1.8 ± 0.01) g/cm 3 and special gravity snail eggs was (2.29 ± 0.01) g/cm 3; the classification method and classified criterion of snail size were made based on geometrical characteristics of snail shell. Six special values indicating dropping and start speed of snail in running water were obtained; Five practical formula of snail dropping and start in water were established; threshold value and movement characteristics in water were observed and tested and move mechanism of snail dispersal in water was also clarified. Based on the findings from fundamental research, the facilities of “precipitation pool for snail” and “leading water from middle level of water body” that could prevent snail dispersal were designed and rebuilt in the endemic area. Through examination to these facilities, the rate of precipitating and blocking of snails reached 100%. Conclusion The achievement of the study provided reliable theoretical basis for the rebuilt of floodgate and to development of models that could prevent the dispersal of snail effectively. |
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