北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者的流行病学特征及感染危险因素分析

张永强; 窦相峰; 郑茹; 孙秀梅; 李锡太; 王全意; 贺雄; 孙鑫贵

Abstract

张永强,窦相峰,郑茹,孙秀梅,李锡太,王全意,贺雄,孙鑫贵.北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者的流行病学特征及感染危险因素分析[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2021,42(10):1757-1762

北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者的流行病学特征及感染危险因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics of close contacts of COVID-19 cases and infection-related risk factors in Beijing

Received:April 19, 2021

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210419-00324

KeyWord: 新型冠状病毒肺炎密切接触者流行病学特征危险因素

English Key Word: COVID-19 Close contact Epidemiological characteristic Risk factor

FundProject:

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Zhang Yongqiang	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
Dou Xiangfeng	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
Zheng Ru	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
Sun Xiumei	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
Li Xitai	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
Wang Quanyi	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
He Xiong	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
Sun Xingui	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China	sunxinguiyjb@163.com

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Abstract:

目的分析北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）病例密切接触者流行病学特征及感染危险因素，为COVID-19防控策略的制定和控制措施的效果评价提供科学依据。方法收集2020年1月6日至2021年2月15日北京市报告的20 681例密切接触者基本信息、暴露信息及转归信息，分析密切接触者的流行病学特征，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析其新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）感染的危险因素。结果北京市COVID-19病例密切接触者感染率为2.16%（447/20 681）；年龄M（P₂₅，P₇₅）为35（27，49）岁；以20~59岁人群为主（81.77%，16 912/20 681）；隔离观察方式主要为集中隔离（82.15%，16 989/20 681）；主要暴露类型占43.96%（9 093/20 681），分别为同室工作/学习（16.06%，3 322/20 681）、同乘交通工具（12.88%，2 664/20 681）、诊疗/护理（7.80%，1 612/20 681）和同住（7.23%，1 495/20 681）。指示病例的职业分别有干部职员（19.34%，3 999/20 681）、家务待业（17.34%，3 586/20 681）、商业服务（13.85%，2 864/20 681）、餐饮食品业（10.77%，2 228/20 681），对应的密切接触者占61.30%（12 677/20 681）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，相比于其他暴露类型，同餐（OR=3.96，95%CI：2.30~6.83）、同住（OR=6.41，95%CI：4.48~9.17）为新冠病毒感染的危险因素；相比于其他职业，指示病例的职业为餐饮食品业（OR=3.06，95%CI：1.29~7.25）和教师（OR=4.94，95%CI：1.43~17.08）为新冠病毒感染的危险因素。结论同餐和同住是密切接触者感染新冠病毒的主要暴露类型；指示病例为餐饮食品业或教师职业者，其密切接触者感染新冠病毒的风险增加。应继续采取集中隔离、疫苗接种等COVID-19综合性防控措施。

English Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of close contacts of COVID-19 cases and infection-related risk factors in Beijing and provide evidences for COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods A total of 20 681 close contacts of COVID-19 cases, who had exposures during January 6, 2020 to February 15, 2021, were traced in Beijing. The information about their demographic characteristics, exposure history, and quarantine outcomes were collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for COVID-19. Results The infection rate SARS-CoV-2 in close contacts was 2.16% (447/20 681). The age M(P₂₅, P₇₅) was 35 (27, 49) years. The majority of the close contacts were aged 20-59 years, accounting for 81.77% (16 912/20 681). Centralized isolation was the major type of medical observation, accounting for 82.15% (16 989/20 681). Among the exposure types, working and studying in the same room (16.06%, 3 322/20 681), sharing same transport vehicle (12.88%, 2 664/20 681), performing diagnosis and treatment nursing (7.80%,1 612/20 681), and living together (7.23%,1 495/20 681), accounting for 43.96% (9 093/20 681). The index cases included staff (19.34%, 3 999/20 681), the unemployed (17.34%, 3 586/20 681), people engaged in business service (13.85%, 2 864/20 681), people engaged in food service (10.77%, 2 228/20 681), their close contacts accounted for 61.30% (12 677/20 681). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with other types of exposure, the risk factors for infection were having meal together (OR=3.96, 95%CI:2.30-6.83) and living together (OR=6.41, 95%CI:4.48-9.17); Compared with the other occupations, the index case being engaged in food service (OR=3.06, 95%CI:1.29-7.25) and teacher (OR=4.94, 95%CI:1.43-17.08) were risk factors for the infection. Conclusions The main environmental exposure types of SARS-CoV-2 infection in close contacts were having meal together and living together. Contact with the index case being engaged in food service and teacher increased the risk for COVID-19. Comprehensive prevention and control measures such as centralized isolation and vaccination should be continued.

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