| 周锦辉,刘思馨,章正,叶丽红,王君,陈晨,崔佳,邱苡淇,吴兵,吕跃斌,施小明.中国80岁及以上高龄老年人体质指数分布特征[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2023,44(6):855-861 |
| 中国80岁及以上高龄老年人体质指数分布特征 |
| Distribution characteristics of body mass index among Chinese oldest-old aged 80 years and above |
| Received:February 22, 2023 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230222-00096 |
| KeyWord: 体质指数 老年人 营养不足 超重 肥胖 |
| English Key Word: Body mass index Older adults Undernutrition Overweight Obesity |
| FundProject:国家自然科学基金（82025030，81941023）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFC2000400） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Zhou Jinhui | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China | | | Liu Sixin | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China | | | Zhang Zheng | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China | | | Ye Lihong | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China | | | Wang Jun | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China | | | Chen Chen | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China | | | Cui Jia | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China | | | Qiu Yiqi | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China | | | Wu Bing | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China | | | Lyu Yuebin | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China | lvyuebin@nieh.chinacdc.cn | | Shi Xiaoming | China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China | shixm@chinacdc.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| 目的 研究中国≥80岁高龄老年人体质指数（BMI）水平，确定高龄老年人主要营养不良问题类型及不同BMI水平人群分布特征。方法 共纳入中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2017-2018年横断面研究9 481名高龄老年人数据，通过偏度-中位数-变异系数法、加权均值计算和五分位数分组分析等描述高龄老年人BMI水平及其分布特征。结果 研究对象年龄为（91.9±7.7）岁，加权BMI水平的P50为21.9（95%CI：21.8~22.0）kg/m2。BMI水平随年龄增长总体呈下降趋势，100岁前下降较快，之后趋势变得平缓。约30%的高龄老年人存在营养不足问题，而营养过剩的比例仅约10%。BMI五分位数人群分布特征表明，BMI水平较低的高龄老年人具有的特征：人口社会经济学上，年龄较大、女性、少数民族、未婚/离异/丧偶、在农村居住、未接受过教育、生活费水平不足、位于华中、华南和西南地区；生活方式上，吸烟、不锻炼、休闲活动缺乏、膳食多样性差；功能状态上，咀嚼能力差、日常生活自理能力损伤、认知功能损伤、听力损伤、视力损伤、自评健康状况差；患心脏病、高血压、脑血管疾病和糖尿病的高龄老年人BMI水平较高。结论 中国高龄老年人BMI总体水平较低，且随年龄增加呈下降趋势。目前中国高龄老年人的主要营养问题类型为营养不足而非营养过剩，进行健康生活方式、功能状态和疾病管理有利于降低高龄老年人营养不足风险。 |
| English Abstract: |
| Objective To investigate body mass index (BMI) level, identify the main type of nutritional problem, and describe the population distribution characteristics of BMI among Chinese people aged 80 years or above. Methods The data of 9 481 oldest-old individuals were obtained from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method, weighted estimates of BMI, and comparisons by BMI quintiles were used to describe the BMI level and distribution characteristics among the oldest-old. Results The average age of the participants was (91.9±7.7) years, with P50 of the weighted BMI at 21.9 (95%CI: 21.8-22.0) kg/m2. The result of BMI level showed a decreasing trend with age, with a rapid decline before age 100, and then the trend became slower. There are about 30% of the oldest-old classified as undernutrition, but the prevalence of overnutrition is only about 10%. The population distribution characteristics by BMI quintiles showed the oldest-old with lower BMI levels were likely to have the following characteristics: sociodemographically, to be older, female, ethnic minority, unmarried/divorced/widowed, rural residents, illiterate, with inadequate living expenses, located in Central, South, or Southwest China; regarding lifestyles, lower BMI levels were observed for participants who were smoking, not exercising, lack of leisure activities, or with poor dietary diversity; considering functional status, participants with lower BMI levels were those who have poor chewing ability, disability in activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, hearing loss, visual impairment, or poor self-rated health status. The oldest-old with higher BMI levels were likely to have heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes. Conclusions The overall BMI level was low among the Chinese oldest-old and it showed a downward trend with age. Currently, the main nutritional problem among the Chinese oldest-old was undernutrition rather than overweight or obesity. Management of healthy lifestyles, functional status, and diseases would be helpful to reduce the risk of undernutrition among the oldest-old. |
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