| 吕若然,宋玉珍,段佳丽,孙颖,高维,王玲玲,张丹丹.北京市2017年中小学生视力不良现状分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2019,40(4):457-460 |
| 北京市2017年中小学生视力不良现状分析 |
| Study on the status of low vision among students of Beijing in 2017 |
| 收稿日期:2018-09-12 出版日期:2019-04-13 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.04.016 |
| 中文关键词: 视力不良 中小学生 现状调查 |
| 英文关键词: Low vision Student Cross-sectional study |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 3993 |
| 全文下载次数: 1899 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解北京市中小学生视力不良现状，确定重点人群，探索主要影响因素，为制定干预政策和措施提供科学依据。方法 参照《全国学生体质健康调研细则》的要求，对全市普通中小学校的在校学生进行视力检查。结果 2017年北京市中小学生视力不良检出率为58.6%。女生（61.6%）高于男生（55.9%）。城区（61.3%）高于郊区（54.6%）。视力不良检出率小学为46.8%，初中为78.0%，普通高中为89.0%，职业高中为71.0%。轻度、中度和重度视力不良检出率分别为8.4%、17.8%和32.5%。结论 北京市中小学生视力不良率处于全国较高水平。学前、小学四至六年级和初中二年级是关键阶段。城市学生是重点干预对象。学习压力大、室外运动不足、视觉空间小等因素是导致学生视力不良的主要原因，另外儿童青春期的用眼卫生不容忽视。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the status quo and related factors on low vision (LV) among students of Beijing. Methods All the students in Beijing were included as the subjects of interest, based on the reference of the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. Results The overall rate of LV among students in Beijing was 58.6% in 2017, with 61.6% in females, higher than 55.9% in males. LV also appeared higher in urban than in rural areas. The rates of LV appeared as 46.8%, 78.0%, 89.0%, 71.0%, in students from primary, middle, high or vocational high schools, respectively. Rates on light, moderate or severe LV were 8.4%,17.8% and 32.5%, respectively. Conclusions The overall rate of LV among students in Beijing was considered high. Students in preschool, in 4-6 grades and the 2nd grade of middle schools, were at the key stages of developing vision-related problems. Factors as heavy load on homework, lack of outdoor activities and ‘limit of vision space’ as well as incorrect reading behavior during puberty, need to be of concern. |
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