| 中华人民共和国卫生部(MOH),中国预防医学科学院(CAPM),世界卫生组织(WHO),联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF),日本国际协力事业团(JICA).中国第二次强化免疫日活动实施情况评价[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,1995,16(6):343-347 |
| 中国第二次强化免疫日活动实施情况评价 |
| Evaluation of Second National Immunization Day Activities, in China |
| Received:June 09, 1995 Revised:June 25, 1995 |
| DOI： |
| KeyWord: 脊髓灰质炎 强化免疫 接种率 |
| English Key Word: Poliomeylity National Immunization Day (NID) OPV Coverage |
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| Abstract: |
| 中国第二次全国强化免疫日活动有效的控制和消除了零剂次儿童的持续累积,人群免疫水平显著提高,据免疫人群出生队列分析,我国多数省份的第二次强化免疫接种数明显较第一次强化免疫提高,全国1~3岁组儿童接种数平均增加了7.9%(第一轮)和4.3%(第二轮),其中主要含有第一次强化免疫漏服的0~岁组儿童。此外,第二次强化免疫活动使我国零剂次儿童总数比第一次减少了59.3%,其中零剂次儿童多集中分布于0~岁组,其百分构成由第一次的66%升至第二次的84%。因此,加强和提高0~岁组儿童免疫水平是保障我国强化免疫效果的有效途径。此外,在第二次全国强化免疫活动实施过程中,全国有468个县(18%)第二轮接种人数明显减少,而且全国约有37%的县应种儿童数低于登记儿童数,并有19%的县接种人数低于常规免疫建卡数,针对上述问题应采取有效措施予以纠正。 |
| English Abstract: |
The second National Immunization Day (December 1994/January 1995) for 0-47 months old children, seemed to be well conducted, for not only the coverage of OPV being increased, but also the continued accumulation of zero-dose children being under controlled. In most of the provinces, it appears that the coverage of the second NID was significantly greater than the first NID.
Based on comparison of the number of children immunized by birth cohort, there were 7.9% (1st round) and 4.3% (2nd round) more 1-3 year old children immunized in the 2nd NID than the 1st NID. Most of children missed in the 1st NID were distributed in one year old cohort (they were less than 1 year old the year before), so it is most likely that children less than 1 year old are more at risk to be missed by NID. After the lst NID, the numbers of zero-dose children were reduced to 59.3%, and the percentage for those zero-dose children less than 1 year old increased from 66%to 84%, so children less than 1 year old should have the high priority to be immunized for achieving expected goal.
The second round of second NII) was not implemented so well as the first round in some of the provinces. Comparing with the first round, the number of children immunized at second round was decreased in 468 (18%) counties. In addition, the number of expected children to be immunized was less than the registered children, in 37% of the counties; and still there were 19% of the counties in which the number of children immunized in the second NID were less than the children with routine immunization cards. The above mentioned problems need to be solved effectively. |
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