| 潘先海.海南省消灭脊髓灰质炎的策略与效果研究[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,1999,20(2):78-80 |
| 海南省消灭脊髓灰质炎的策略与效果研究 |
| Investigation on the effect and strategy of Polio eradication in Hainan Province |
| Received:November 23, 1998 Revised:December 20, 1998 |
| DOI： |
| KeyWord: 脊髓灰质炎 策略 效果研究 |
| English Key Word: Polio Strategy Effect study |
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| Abstract: |
| 目的为了实现消灭脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）目标,制定了一系列的策略。方法通过健康教育,常规、强化免疫,实行AFP监测。结果全省在1993年7月后已连续5年无脊灰野病毒感染病例发生。OPV常规免疫接种率达到97.93%,发病率较前降低了80.93%,削平了季节高峰,打破了流行周期,缩小了流行范围,1993年发病市县较1989年减少了81.33%.1993～1997年实施了4次强化免疫,消除了免疫空白点,使人群形成了牢固的免疫屏障,抗体几何平均滴度达到1：400以上。1991年建立脊灰监测系统,非脊灰AFP报告率从“0”提高到1.27/10万,双份标本采集率从“0”提高到87.10%以上,病毒分离阳性率由23.07%提高到34.80%,阳性标本经国家脊灰实验室鉴定均未发现野毒株。健康教育收到了显着效果,家长对服苗知识提高了75个百分点。结论 本研究表明,海南省消灭脊灰策略取得了显着的效果,为控制和消灭疫苗针对疾病提供了宝贵的经验。 |
| English Abstract: |
| ObjectiveHainan Province was a hyperendemic area of poliomyelitis, with an average incidence rate of 0.28 per hundred thousand before 1993.A series of strategy was developed for polio eradication in the whole province in July 1993.Methods Health education, regular and strenthening immunization programs,AFP surveillance.Results①OPV vaccination rate increased to 97.93%,② incidence rate of polio had a 80.93% reduction,③seasonal peak of epidemic was cut down,④endemic cycle was broken and ⑤the endemic area became smaller.The number of counties (cities)where polio cases occured reduced for 81.33% in 1993 than that in 1989.Four boosters had been implemented from 1993 to 1997,to eliminated blank spots of immunization.The average geometric antibody of titre increased to 1：400 and above.After the establishment of polio surveillance system in 1991,①the reporting rate of non-AFP increased from 0 to 1.27 per hundred thousand,② rate of double specimens collection increased from 0 to 87.10%,③positive rate of virus isolation from 23.07% to 34.80%,④the positive specimens were appraised by National Polio Surveillance Center and no wild strain was found.Health education has made remarkable impact and immunization knowledge among parents had a 75 percentage point increase.Conclusion Results showed that strategy of polio eradication has made positive effects and provided valuable experiences for the control or elimination of diseases which can be prevented by vaccines. |
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