| 周白瑜,石婧,于普林.北京市社区老年人跌倒情况及其后果的相关因素研究[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2013,34(8):778-781 |
| 北京市社区老年人跌倒情况及其后果的相关因素研究 |
| Consequence and risk factors of falls-related injuries in community-dwelling elderly in Beijing |
| Received:March 13, 2013 |
| DOI： |
| KeyWord: 意外跌倒|老年人|发生率 |
| English Key Word: Accidental falls|Elderly|Incidence |
| FundProject:湖北省卫生厅血防科研联合攻关项目(XF06C30) |
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| Abstract: |
| 目的 了解老年人跌倒的发生及跌倒后致伤情况,并探讨跌倒致伤的相关因素.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市某社区≥60岁1512名老年人,按照统-设计的调查问卷,以面对面询问的方式进行入户调查,对可能与跌倒致伤有关的因素进行单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析,以寻找对跌倒后果有影响的因素.结果 272名老年人在过去的1年中共发生379次跌倒,跌倒发生率为18.0％；272例跌倒的老年人中有131例(8.7％)因跌倒致伤,在379次跌倒中,发生143次(37.7％)跌倒后致伤；跌倒致伤性质以软组织损伤和表皮擦伤为主,分别为84次(58.7％)和57次(39.9％),其次为骨折(20次,14.0％)、割伤/开放性伤(9次,6.3％),脑震荡及内脏损伤较少；跌倒致伤的部位以下肢最多(67次,46.9％),其他依次为上肢(39次,27.3％)、头部(27次,18.9％)、面部(19次,13.3％)、髋部(11次,2.9％)、腹部/腰部(10次,2.6％)、胸部(6次,1.6％)、脊柱(5次,1.3％),颈部伤最少(3次,0.8％).多因素logistic回归分析显示女性(OR=2.09)、楼梯台阶高度合适(OR=1.94)、经常饮酒(OR=3.10)、能独立行走400 m(OR=2.11)、曾因跌倒过害怕再次跌倒(OR=3.30)是老年人跌倒致伤的危险因素；室内扶手充足(OR=0.41)是老年人跌倒致伤的保护因素.结论 北京市社区老年人跌倒发生率和致伤比例较高,跌倒的发生和致伤与多种因素有关,应采取综合性预防措施. |
| English Abstract: |
| Objective To investigate the incidence of falls during the past year,as well as the consequence of falls so as to explore the risk factors for fall-related injuries in the community-dwelling elderly in Beijing.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community in Beijing.A total of 1512 persons aged 60 years and over were selected using stratified cluster sampling method.Information related to all kinds of falls was collected with a standardized structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview.Binary logistic regression was used to explore the related factors for consequence of any falls,especially falls-related injuries in the elderly.Results 272 older adults had one falling episode at the baseline study,with the incidence rate of fall and the frequency of falls as 18.0％ (272/1512) and 379 times respectively.Among the 1512 interviewees,8.7％ (131) suffered from injuries as a result of falls.Out of the total 379 times of falls,143 resulted in injuries.Most common injuries appeared to be soft tissue related (84 times,58.7％) and epidermal abrasion (57 times,39.9％),followed by fracture (20 times,14.0％) and open wound (9 times,6.3％).The most common injured areas were lower limbs (67 times,46.9％),followed by upper limbs (39 times,27.3％),head (27 times,18.9％),face (19 times,13.3％),hip (11 times,2.9％),waist/abdomen (10 times,2.6％),chest (6 times,1.6％),vertebral column (5 times,1.3％) and neck (3 times,0.8％).Data from logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR=2.09),with proper bench height (OR =1.94),being alcoholic (OR =3.10),being able to walk more than 400 meters (OR =2.11),fear of falls (OR=3.30) etc.were risk factors,while enough handrails provided in surrounding areas (OR =0.41) showed as the protective factor for falls-related injuries in the elderly.Conclusion The incidence rates of falls and falls-related injuries among elderly community-dwellers in urban areas of Beijing were considered to be high.Falls and its related injuries were caused by varied factors,suggesting the intervention strategies should be targeted to the related factors as well as focusing on primary prevention. |
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