| 李洋,董晓梅,王声湧,田军章,叶泽兵,杨剑,李观明,彭淋,张思恒.社区居民卫生应急意识与能力调查[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2013,34(10):993-997 |
| 社区居民卫生应急意识与能力调查 |
| Consciousness and abilities on health emergency and the roles of emergency response among public at the communities |
| Received:August 18, 2013 |
| DOI：10．3760/cmaj．issn．0254—6450．2013．10．012 |
| KeyWord: 卫生应急|紧急医学救援|社区|意识|能力 |
| English Key Word: ealth emergency|Emergency medical rescue|Community|nsciousness |Ability |
| FundProject:卫生部卫生行业科研专项项目(201306015)；广东省医学科研基金指令性项目(粤卫办i蟊2012—501号) |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Yang | grants from the Health, try Special Scientific Research Projects, Ministry of Health
| | | DONG Xiao-mei | grants from the Health, try Special Scientific Research Projects, Ministry of Health
| | | WANG Sheng-yong | grants from the Health, try Special Scientific Research Projects, Ministry of Health
| shengyong_wang@126.com | | TIAN Jun-zhang | Mandatory Medical Scientific Research Fund Project, Guangdong Province(No. 2012-501). | jz.tian@163.com | | YE Ze-bing | Mandatory Medical Scientific Research Fund Project, Guangdong Province(No. 2012-501). | | | YANG Jian | grants from the Health, try Special Scientific Research Projects, Ministry of Health
| | | LI Guan-ming | Mandatory Medical Scientific Research Fund Project, Guangdong Province(No. 2012-501). | | | PENG Lin | grants from the Health, try Special Scientific Research Projects, Ministry of Health
| | | ZHANG Si-yuan | grants from the Health, try Special Scientific Research Projects, Ministry of Health
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| Abstract: |
| 目的为了解社区居民卫生应急意识和自救互救能力，探讨社区应急在突发公共 卫生事件中的地位和相关因素，提出加强社区卫生应急水平的建议。方法采用随机等距抽样方法抽取广州市黄埔社区617户居民，在所抽取的住户中以KishGrid方法选取一名家庭成员， 应用“居民卫生应急与自救互救能力调查表”进行面对面调查。数据采用Epi Data 3．1软件录入 和SPSS 21．0统计软件进行处理分析。结果在接受调查的617户居民中，47．84％对突发公共卫 生事件具有一般认识。其中传染病预防与隔离、地震和火灾等的避险逃生、食物中毒的预防与急 救和新发不明原因疾病预防的知识知晓率分别为65．04％、62．92％、43．62％和18．79％；家庭中备有 急救药品箱、灭火器、备用水和食品者分别为56．08％、43．60％和39．40％；逃生绳、口哨和防烟面具 的备有率均不足15％；居民对煤气开关的正确使用率、知道电路总闸和消防栓所在地方者分别为 81．52％、74．39％和35．98％；居民对触电跌倒、传染病患者用品、传染病可疑症状、煤气中毒、爆炸着 火、烫伤和扭伤等突发事件的正确处理率分别为89．63％、83．3l％、82．66％、82．98％、66．78％、 62。72％和57．05％。13常应急能力、灾难逃生处置和自救互救能力的得分分别为7．65分(满分为lO 分)、3．55分(满分为5分)和10．71分(满分为16分)；曾培训人工呼吸、胸外按压和心肺复苏三项 现场急救术并有实践经验的居民均不足10％，急救技术与年龄和文化程度存在等级相关关系 (P<0．05)。结论调查社区居民的卫生应急意识和能力较低，应充分认识社区应急响应的重要 性，政府和社会必须重视公众自救互救能力的作用，提升社区卫生应急水平。 |
| English Abstract: |
| Objective To evaluate the consciousness ofhealth emergency and the abilities on self-and mutual medical aids among the public at the community 1evel，as well as the community responses on health．related emergencies and OtIler factors．Methods Random equidistant sampling Methads was used to extract 617 households before choosing a family member sampled by Kish Grid method．AU the members were investigated face to face on a questionnaire一“Health emerg：ency and related ability regarding self and mutual medical aids of the residents”．Data were entered into computer database by using software Epi Data 3．1 and were analyzed by SPSS 21．0． Results Among the 617 households under survey．47．84％of the public had general awareness on health— related emergencies．Regarding the following items as：prevention and isolation strategies of infectious disease，on safely procedures of earthquake and fires，on prevention of food poisoning，on prevention and first aid of emerging infectious diseases etc．．the rates of awareness were 65．04％，62．92％，43．62％ and 1 8．79％respectively．Proportions of households which had the first aid supplies were：first aid medicine box as 56．08％：fire extinguisher as 43．60％；spare water and food as 39．40％；havingficilities as ropes，whistles and smoke masks for esc印e were allless than 1 5％．Rates of awareness on the following iterns as：correct use of gas switch as 8 1．52％。knowing the location of the circuit with gear and the fire hydrant as 74．39％and 35．98％．respectively．The correct disposal rates of the residents on the following items were：electric shock and falls(89．63％)，patients of infectious diseases (83．3 1％)，gas poisoning(82．98％)，suspected symptoms on infectious diseases(82．66％)，explosion and bums(66．78％)．scald(62．72％)and sprain(57．05％)．Scores on the related aleIilities were as follows：emergency(7．65，out of 10 points)，escape(3。55，out of5 points)，self-and mutual medical aids(1 0．7 1，out of 1 6 points)．Proportions of having learned and applied of first aid techniques among residents on the following iterns were：artificial breathing，chest compressions and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were all less than 1 0％．Level of knowing the first aid techniques was correlated with age and culture of the residents(P<0．05)Conclusion Both consciousness on health emergency and the abilities on self-and mutual medical aids were lOW among me community public，suggesting that both the govemment and pubic should pay more attention to the role of the abilities on self-and mutuaI medical aids． |
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