中国3个地区儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗犹豫现状研究

赵天朔; 刘翰谕; 郑徽; 韩冰峰; 刘贝; 刘姜; 赵春艳; 李晓静; 杨树博; 杜娟; 黄宁华; 卢庆彬; 刘雅琼; 崔富强

Abstract

赵天朔,刘翰谕,郑徽,韩冰峰,刘贝,刘姜,赵春艳,李晓静,杨树博,杜娟,黄宁华,卢庆彬,刘雅琼,崔富强.中国3个地区儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗犹豫现状研究[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2021,42(9):1615-1620

中国3个地区儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗犹豫现状研究

Hesitancy of parents towards vaccines in national immunization program in three regions in China: a cross-sectional study

Received:January 08, 2021

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210108-00017

KeyWord: 疫苗犹豫免疫规划接种率

English Key Word: Vaccine hesitancy Immunization program Vaccination rate

FundProject:北京大学医学部引进人才计划启动建设项目（BMU20170607）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Zhao Tianshuo	Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Liu Hanyu	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Zheng Hui	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Han Bingfeng	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Liu Bei	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Liu Jiang	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Zhao Chunyan	Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101100, China
Li Xiaojing	Jinjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610021, China
Yang Shubo	Jingyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jingyuan 730699, China
Du Juan	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Huang Ninghua	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Lu Qingbin	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Liu Yaqiong	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Cui Fuqiang	Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China	cuifuq@bjmu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

目的了解我国儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗犹豫发生率和影响因素，并探索不同种类疫苗的犹豫现状。方法在北京市通州区、四川省成都市及甘肃省白银市进行横断面调查，采用成比例概率抽样和便利抽样的方法选取符合标准的研究对象进行问卷调查。结果共纳入研究对象3 592人，38.22%的家长完全接受所有疫苗，59.35%的家长给儿童接种了所有疫苗但表示有轻微的担忧，2.42%的儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗有疫苗犹豫行为。其中家长产生疫苗犹豫最多的是脊髓灰质炎疫苗（0.89%），其次为百白破疫苗（0.70%）和甲肝疫苗（0.64%）。疫苗犹豫产生的主要原因是对疫苗的风险效益判断（31.03%），其次为家长的认知情况较低（21.84%），第三为交通/时间因素带来的不便（21.84%）。结论我国儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗犹豫行为的发生率较低，但半数以上家长对疫苗持担忧态度。进一步改进我国免疫规划体系的服务质量，加强疫苗相关知识宣教，对减少疫苗犹豫是至关重要的。

English Abstract:

Objective To investigate the incidence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy towards national immunization program in China and understand the current status of parents' hesitancy to different vaccines used in national immunization program. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing, Sichuan and Gansu. The methods of proportional probability sampling and convenience sampling were used to select the eligible study subjects for questionnaire surveys. Results A total of 3 592 parents were enrolled in the study, in whom 38.22% fully accepted all the vaccines, 59.35% agreed to let their children to receive all the vaccines but showed slight concern, and 2.42% had hesitancy to the vaccines. The vaccine with the most hesitancy was polio vaccine (0.89%), followed by diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine (0.70%) and hepatitis A vaccine (0.64%). The dominant reason for vaccine hesitancy was the risk-benefit perception of vaccination (31.03%), followed by the low awareness of the parents (21.84%) and the inconvenience caused by distance and time (21.84%). Conclusions The incidence of vaccine hesitancy towards national immunization program was low in parents in China, but over 50% of the parents showed concern to the vaccines. It is essential to improve the service quality of national immunization program and strengthen the health education about the vaccination to reduce the incidence of vaccine hesitancy in parents.

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