| 樊静,方利文,丛舒,王宁,王文静,吴静.2019-2020年中国40岁及以上人群二手烟暴露状况分析[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2024,45(1):95-104 |
| 2019-2020年中国40岁及以上人群二手烟暴露状况分析 |
| Analysis on passive smoking exposure in adults aged 40 years and above in China， 2019-2020 |
| Received:October 31, 2023 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20231031-00260 |
| KeyWord: 二手烟暴露 控烟 监测 |
| English Key Word: Passive smoking exposure Tobacco control Surveillance |
| FundProject:中央转移支付重大公共卫生项目；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1303905） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Fan Jing | National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China | | | Fang Liwen | National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China | fangliwen@ncncd.chinacdc.cn | | Cong Shu | National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China | | | Wang Ning | National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China | | | Wang Wenjing | National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China | | | Wu Jing | National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| 目的 了解中国≥40岁人群二手烟的暴露情况，为控烟及慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的防控提供科学依据。方法 调查对象来源于2014-2015年和2019-2020年中国居民COPD监测在31个省（自治区、直辖市）125个监测点的≥40岁常住居民。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取调查对象，以面对面询问方式完成了74 559人的问卷调查，共64 142人纳入分析。采用复杂抽样加权方法描述我国≥40岁人群二手烟暴露率、各类场所接触二手烟的比例以及与每天吸烟者共同生活的比例，分析二手烟暴露和接触的影响因素，并与2014-2015年中国居民COPD监测中的二手烟暴露率和各类场所接触二手烟的比例进行比较。结果 2019-2020年，我国≥40岁人群二手烟暴露率为46.4%（95%CI：44.1%~48.8%），女性（47.2%，95%CI：44.8%~49.7%）高于男性（44.8%，95%CI：42.0%~47.6%），且随年龄增长而下降；职业为办事人员的二手烟暴露率最高。≥40岁人群在家中、工作场所、餐厅和公共交通工具接触二手烟的比例分别为24.3%（95%CI：22.2%~26.4%）、23.3%（95%CI：21.1%~25.5%）、6.6%（95%CI：5.3%~7.9%）和2.2%（95%CI：1.6%~2.7%）；文化程度越高的人群在家中接触二手烟的比例越低。在14岁及以前、14岁至调查时与每天吸烟者共同生活的比例分别为56.4%和59.2%。与2014-2015年相比，2019-2020年≥40岁人群二手烟暴露率有所升高，但差异无统计学意义（P=0.356）；≥40岁人群在家中接触二手烟的比例下降，而在工作场所接触二手烟的比例上升，其中农林牧渔水利业人群在工作场所接触二手烟的比例上升幅度最大。多因素分析显示，性别、年龄、职业和文化程度影响二手烟暴露风险及在不同场所接触二手烟的比例。结论 我国≥40岁人群的二手烟暴露率仍较高，工作场所和农林牧渔水利业的职业人群二手烟暴露水平上升，需加强对已有禁烟条例和法规的执行监督，不断推动国家公共场所禁烟立法并特别关注女性、文化程度较低、农林牧渔水利业人群的禁烟及二手烟暴露防护。 |
| English Abstract: |
| Objective To understand the passive smoking exposure status in adults aged ≥40 years in China. Methods Local residents aged ≥40 years were enrolled as study subjects from 125 areas of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) surveillance during 2014-2015 and 2019-2020 in 31 provinces of China. A total of 74 559 adults aged ≥40 years were selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling for a face to face questionnaire survey and the data from 64 142 study subjects were used for the analysis. The passive smoking exposure rate, the proportions of the adults reporting passive smoking exposure at four types of places and the proportion of the adults living with daily smokers were described by using complicated sampling weighting method, the related factors were analyzed and the results were compared with the data of COPD surveillance during 2014-2015. Results The passive smoking exposure rate in the adults aged ≥40 years was 46.4% (95%CI: 44.1%-48.8%) in China during 2019-2020, and the rate was higher in women (47.2%, 95%CI:44.8%-49.7%) than in men (44.8%, 95%CI:42.0%-47.6%) and lower in the older people. The office workers had the highest passive smoking exposure rate. The proportions of those reporting passive smoking exposure at homes, workplaces, restaurants, and public transports were 24.3% (95%CI:22.2%-26.4%)、23.3% (95%CI:21.1%-25.5%)、6.6% (95%CI:5.3%-7.9%) and 2.2% (95%CI:1.6%-2.7%). The higher education level the adults had, the less passive smoking exposure at home they reported. The proportions of those living with daily smokers before 14 years old and since 14 years old were 56.4% and 59.2%. Compared with the data during 2014-2015, the overall passive smoking exposure rate in the adults aged ≥40 years during 2019-2020 showed an increase, and the difference was not significant (P=0.356); The passive smoking exposure rate at homes declined, but the exposure rate at workplaces increased, with the biggest increase found in those being engaged in farming, forestry, husbandry, fishery and water conservancy. Multivariate analysis indicated that the factors influencing the passive smoking exposure and the exposure proportions at different places included gender, age, occupation, and education level. Conclusions The passive smoking exposure rate in China is still high, especially in those being engaged in farming, forestry, husbandry, fishery and water conservancy. It is necessary to strengthen supervision of the enforcement of current smoking bans in public places and promote the legislation of ban smoking in public places. More attention should be paid to smoking ban and protection against passive smoking exposure in women, people with lower education level and people being engaged in in farming, forestry, husbandry, fishery and water conservancy. |
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