宁波市60岁及以上老年人肺炎流行病学特征及住院时间的相关因素分析

周星缘; 朱思懿; 洪航; 方挺; 许国章

Abstract

周星缘,朱思懿,洪航,方挺,许国章.宁波市60岁及以上老年人肺炎流行病学特征及住院时间的相关因素分析[J].Chinese journal of Epidemiology,2024,45(2):230-236

宁波市60岁及以上老年人肺炎流行病学特征及住院时间的相关因素分析

Research on epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia and correlative factors of length of hospitalization in the elderly aged 60 years and older in Ningbo

Received:July 14, 2023

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230714-00430

KeyWord: 肺炎流行病学发病率老年人

English Key Word: Pneumonia Epidemiology Incidence Elderly

FundProject:宁波市应急科技攻关重大专项（2022Z034）；宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项（2021Z021）；宁波市医疗卫生品牌学科（PPXK2018-10）；浙江省医学重点学科（07-013）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Zhou Xingyuan	School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Zhu Siyi	School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Hong Hang	School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Fang Ting	School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Xu Guozhang	School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China	xuguozhang@nbu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

目的了解宁波市≥60岁老年人肺炎流行特征以及肺炎住院时间的相关因素。方法通过区域卫生信息平台收集2019年入院的宁波市≥60岁老年人肺炎住院病例数据，通过浙江省统计局获得当年全市人口数据资料，对老年人肺炎住院病例进行描述性分析，并探讨其住院时间的相关因素。结果共收集到2019年宁波市≥60岁肺炎住院病例15 956例，肺炎发病率为1.02%（15 956/1 571 431），其中男性发病率为1.13%（8 613/760 357），女性发病率为0.83%（6 759/811 074），男女性病例比为1.27∶1。≥80岁组发病率最高（2.52%），60~69岁组发病率最低（0.58%）。3、2、1月为肺炎住院发生的高峰期。肺炎诊断种类以未特指的肺炎为主（65.12%），其次为细菌性肺炎（34.60%）。肺炎患者住院时间的M（Q₁，Q₃）为9（7，13） d，多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，性别（女性：OR=0.911，95%CI：0.849~0.978）、年龄较大（70~79岁组：OR=1.211，95%CI：1.111~1.321；≥80岁组：OR=1.486，95%CI：1.365~1.617）、结算方式（自费：OR=0.567，95%CI：0.464~0.691）、较高级别的医院（二级：OR=1.902，95%CI：1.723~2.100；三级：OR=1.546，95%CI：1.407~1.698）为宁波市≥60岁老年人肺炎住院时间的相关因素。结论 2019年宁波市老年人肺炎住院在冬春季高发，其中男性、高龄老人是高危人群。性别、年龄、结算方式、医院等级可能是肺炎住院时间的相关因素。

English Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia and the related factors of the length of hospitalization of pneumonia in the elderly aged 60 years and older in Ningbo in 2019. Methods Data on hospitalized cases of pneumonia in the elderly aged 60 years and older in Ningbo in 2019 were collected through the regional health information platform, and the population data of Ningbo in 2019 were obtained through the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Statistics. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on hospitalized cases of pneumonia in the elderly population, and factors related to the length of hospitalization were explored. Results A total of 15 956 hospitalized cases of pneumonia aged 60 years and older were reported in Ningbo in 2019, and the incidence of pneumonia requiring hospitalization was 1.02% (15 956/1 571 431). The incidence was 1.13% (8 613/760 357) in males and 0.83% (6 759/811 074) in females, and the ratio of male to female cases was 1.27∶1. The highest incidence was found in the ≥80 age group (2.52%), and the lowest incidence was found in the 60-69 age group (0.58%). March, February, and January were the peak period of pneumonia hospitalization. The main types of pneumonia diagnosed were not specified (65.12%), followed by bacterial pneumonia (34.60%). The M(Q₁, Q₃) of hospitalized patients with pneumonia was 9 (7, 13) days. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female: OR=0.911, 95%CI: 0.849-0.978) and older age (70-79 years old: OR=1.211, 95%CI: 1.111-1.321; ≥80 years old group: OR=1.486, 95%CI: 1.365-1.617), settlement method (self-payment: OR=0.567, 95%CI: 0.464-0.691), higher level of hospitals (Grade Ⅱ: OR=1.902,95%CI:1.723-2.100; Grade Ⅲ: OR=1.546,95%CI:1.407-1.698) were associated with the length of hospitalization for pneumonia in people aged 60 years and older in Ningbo. Conclusions Hospitalization with pneumonia in people aged 60 years and older was high in winter and spring, men and older adults were in high-risk groups in Ningbo in 2019. Gender, age, billing method, and level of hospitals may be related factors to the length of hospitalization for pneumonia.

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